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Education Master's and PhD degree programmes DDM Religion and Pluralism
Header image DDM Religion and Pluralism

DDM Religion and Pluralism

Double MA Degree on the Religious Origins of Modern Society at University of Groningen (UG) and Córdoba University (UCO): Identity, Exclusion, Integration, and Coexistence from Antiquity to Modernity.

The religious origins of modern society are richly diverse. Over centuries, Greco-Roman religion, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam actively contributed to the construction of modern culture, attitude and character. This DD MA delves into the history of these four religious traditions’ coexistence.

UG focuses on Judaism and Christianity in the Greco-Roman World, and the rise of Islam in (late) antiquity. The historical and philological analysis of their testimonies highlights the difficult first contacts, the lapses and relapses of their relationships and the resulting construction of the self and the other.

UCO explores the cultural contacts among them during the Middle Ages and beyond, their cohabitation in the Iberian Peninsula, and the tensions and eases of their coexistence. Most importantly, it analyzes the role of Judaism and Islam in the absorption and transformation of ancient knowledge, and its transfer to the Christian West, hereby contributing to the early modern and contemporary world.

The DD MA includes two programmes:

Facts & Figures
Degree
MA in Theology & Religious Studies
Course type
Double Degree master
Duration
18 months (90 EC)
Croho code
60824
Language of instruction
English
Start
September
Faculty
Religion, Culture and Society

Why study this programme in Groningen?

  • Integrated approach of religious pluralism, politics, and their many global interfaces.
  • Taught by internationally recognized experts in the field.
  • You can pursue your own research interests.
  • Expertise on various religions, taught at non-denominational universities.
  • Opportunity to study religious pluralism throughout history until present day.
  • Experience international student life in two different cultures.

Programme

You start the programme in Groningen (UG) and do your second semester in Córdoba (UCO).

Of the UG programme, the core modules 'The Construction of Religious Identities in Europe: Religious Diversity in the Graeco-Roman World' (10 ECTS) and 'Fragments and Ruins: Heritage and Historical Approaches to the Past' (5 ECTS) are compulsory.

Through electives, you specialise in either the 'Ancient' or the 'Modern' variant. Below is a selection of the courses you can choose.

And if you would like to write your theses from a social scientific approach, you may choose the research methods course 'Social Scientific Research Methods' instead of the course 'Fragments and Ruins: Heritage and Historical Approaches to the Past'.
Semesters
Courses1a1b2a2b
Core Module: The Construction of Religious Identities in Europe: Religious Diversity in the Greco-Roman World (UG) (10 EC)

This foundational seminar explores religious diversity in the Greco-Roman world with a particular focus on the eastern Mediterranean and the Near East in the Hellenistic and Roman periods. We examine the impact of political and social changes for cultural interaction; the emergence of new ideas and practices; the significance of translation and re-interpretation for cultural change; and knowledge-transfer across borders and across periods.

Elective: Dark Heritage: Memorialising Death and Disaster (5 EC, optional)

Many, perhaps most, of the items and phenomena we study as 'heritage' are death-related. This course offers the much-needed tools to analyse this important category of heritage. At the same time, the course offers students the opportunity to learn new skills, such as producing a documentary film or curating a 3D virtual exhibition.

Elective: Material Religion: Things, Performances and Belief (UG) (5 EC, optional)

What can things and their uses teach us about religion? This course focuses on material culture as a way of approaching religious heritage. We learn from material culture theory, and apply what we learn in a community-based material heritage project.

Elective: On the move: People(s), Cultures, and Religions (UG) (5 EC, optional)

How does the movement of peoples, cultures and religions shape social, political and cultural change, historically and in the contemporary world? This course explores how change has occurred at micro, meso and macro levels, through lenses of culture, migration, and religion. Through engagement with various anthropological and political theories of change, students will analyse diverse processes of transformation across different cases and contexts. At the end of the course, students will be able to develop their own policy recommendations or original scholarly contribution, assessed through a policy paper or research essay and accompanying oral defense.

Elective: Apocalypse and Politics (UG) (5 EC, optional)

This course examines the profound impact of apocalyptic views on contemporary politics, and explores the application of Artificial Intelligence techniques into the analysis of modern political discourse.

Elective: Growth and Expansion of Religious Identities: Religious Disputes in the formation of Christianity and Islam (UG) (5 EC, optional)

A course description will follow soon.

Elective: Religion, Conflict and Peacebuilding (5 EC, optional)

This course deals with fundamental questions at the intersection of the discourse and practice of religion, violence and conflict transformation. It will examine how these concepts interrelate and will investigate assumptions that lie behind their use, as well as how they are put into practice. The following elements will be interrogated: the discourse and practice of peacebuilding and conflict transformation; the history and development of religious violence and religious peacebuilding/conflict transformation; religion and reconciliation; transitional justice and religion; religion and conflict; fundamentalism and religious violence; women, religion and peacebuilding; religion, ritual and peacebuilding. Case studies such as South Africa, Israel/Palestine, Zimbabwe, and Northern Ireland inter alia against the backdrop of globalization shall be deployed to facilitate analysis. Various religious traditions including Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, and African Religions shall be referred to whenever relevant.

Elective: Religion, Gender and Sexuality: from Politics to Everyday Life (5 EC, optional)

Across the globe, we see that religion plays an important role in key controversies around gender and sexuality. In this course, we will dive deeply into the background, tracing the links between everyday lived experience in specific cultural and religious contexts and large-scale political developments such as nationalism, the global campaigns for LGBTQI+ and sexual and reproductive health and rights. This will help us understand the current era of backlash against these progressive agendas. How are religious ways of being gendered? Why are gender and sexuality so often the subject of controversy? Why do religious actors so often play a role in these controversies?

Research Methods: Fragments and Ruins: Heritage and Historical Approaches to the Past (UG) (5 EC)

This interdisciplinary course addresses a central topic to textual, historical, heritage, and material approaches to the past: much of what survives is in fragments and ruins. What questions does this fragmentary and ruinous survival raise both for scholars and for those working in the field of heritage or history? The course introduces heritage-based and historical/textual approaches to the theoretical concepts of fragments and ruins, and analytical approaches from across disciplines. Students are required to prepare a field-review related to their research interests, and to draft a research proposal.

Core Module: From Athens to the West: the Transfer of Greek Knowledge to Renaissance Europe (UCO) (4 EC)

You will make a comprehensive diachronic journey of the Greco-Roman religious ideas coming from the Late Antiquity to the European Renaissance.

Core Module: From Baghdad to Cordoba: The Cultural Contribution of Al-Andalus Judaism (UCO) (4 EC)

The course units focuses on the history and characteristics of the so-called “the three cultures”.

Core Module: From East to West: The Reception of Knowledge in Al-Andalus (UCO) (4 EC)

You will study the contextualization of the Pre-Islamic History and the emergence of the Islam. Plus the relationship mainly between the Christian and Hebrew cultures, but also with some other groups in the Middle East.

Core Module: Religious Minorities on the Iberian Peninsula from the15th to the 18th Century (UCO) (4 EC)

You will define and analyze the main minorities in the Iberian Peninsula since the beginning of Renaissance to the Modern Age, and the main moments and/or processes related to these minorities, such as the Inquisitional repression.

Core Module: The Structure for Knowledge Transfer (UCO) (4 EC)

This deals with the basics related to the topic of the transference of knowledge, one of the capital phenomena for the study of the history of Mediterranean cultures and religions.

Core Module: Sources for the Research on Ethnic-Religious Minorities in the Iberian Peninsula during 15th to 18th (UCO) (5 EC)

The course unit begins with an introduction to the specific documents regarding religious minorities, and then focuses on some of the most interesting sources, such as the Inquisitorial documents. It finishes with an example of research by reshaping some secret communities of the 15th and 18th century.

Core Module: The Universalism of Scientific Knowledge. The Arabic and Jewish Philosophy and Science in the Latin World (UCO) (5 EC)

This course unit starts with highlighting the relevance of the translational movement in the Iberian Peninsula from the classical languages into Arabic. The second part explores the principal doctrines and philosophical issues raised up in the Medieval Age.

You do your second year either in Córdoba (UCO) or in Groningen (UG). In that year, you do an internship or research project, and write your master's thesis.

Semesters
Courses1a1b
Internship (UG/UCO) (10 EC)

You do one internship for both programmes

Master's Thesis (UG & UCO) (20 EC)

You write one thesis for both programmes

Study load

40 hours of class and self-study per week on average

1 ECTS = 28 hrs. of study. One year contains of 60 ECTS. You will have on average 6 hrs. of lessons per week at the Faculty, the rest of the hours is reserved for preparation of the classes and studying.

Curriculum

The course units of the programme in Groningen are taught in Semester 1 (September - February). The course units of the programme in Cordoba are taught in Semester 2 (February - July). You will write your thesis (20 ECTS) and do an internship (10 ECTS) as part of the Groningen and Córdoba programme. Please note: you need to be enrolled in both programmes at the moment of graduation.

Study abroad

  • Study abroad is required
  • Maximum of 60 EC

You follow part of your programme abroad. You can also do your internship abroad. In the past our students worked at the Dutch embassy with the Vatican, in Israel and Argentina. You can also opt for an internship at an NGO, like European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI), Amnesty International, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. Or at the UN, for instance with the High Commissioner for Human Rights or the United Nations Development Programme.

Entry requirements

Admission requirements

Specific requirementsMore information
previous education

Bachelor's degree in Theology, Religious Studies, or another Bachelor's degree in Arts, Humanities, Philosophy or Social Sciences. Depending on your former study and courses a reading package will be provided. We assume that you are aware of the concepts and theoretical discussions outlined in this literature.

If you have completed a Bachelor's degree other than in one of the disciplines described above, you still have direct access to the MA if you:

  • have completed the university minor Anthropology, Religion in the Modern World, or Art and Religion as well; or
  • can demonstrate the completion of 30 ETCS worth of subjects in the previous degree programme that have introduced you to Archaeology, Ancient History, Ancient Languages, or Ancient Philosophy.

Students can also be admitted via a pre-master's programme.

A selection of previous education programmes is shown below under 'Transfer options'. However, this list is not complete. If your study programme is not listed, this does not automatically mean that you will not be admitted to the Master's programme. In case of doubts or questions, feel free to contact the study advisor: studyadvice.rcs rug.nl

grade list

An overview of the courses from the bachelor's programme followed with an explanation of these courses.

Curriculum Vitae (CV)
language test

An English language test for Dutch students is only required if you do not have a VWO-diploma. IELTS: 6.5 (6.0 on each part); TOEFL: 90 internet (18 on Reading and Listening, 20 on Speaking and 21 on Writing); Pearson Academic: 66 (62 on Reading, 54 on Listening and Speaking, 62 on Writing); LanguageCert Academic: 70 (65 on each part).

Exemption granted if:

  • You are a native speaker of, and have completed your full secondary level education in: the USA, Canada (only when taught in English), the UK, Ireland, Australia, or New Zealand.
  • You have completed a full-time Bachelor programme (nominal duration of at least three years) in: the USA, Canada (only when English taught), the UK, Ireland, Australia, or New Zealand.

If English was the medium of instruction during your previous education, but you do not meet any of the above mentioned requirements, you are still required to provide proof of your English language proficiency.

(motivation-) letter

A letter to the admissions board, outlining your interest in the Double Degree programme, including your motivation and expectations, and in what way your previous education matches with this programme in terms of contents and/or methodology (max. 1 page). Please also send in a writing sample of an academic paper, preferably your Bachelor's (or Master's) Thesis.

other admission requirements

These entry requirements also apply to the programme in Cordoba.

Students who do not have a bachelor's degree in Arts/Humanities or Behavioural and Social Sciences may be exempted from the requirement to complete the pre-master programme under certain conditions.

Transfer options

Transferring from...

Study programmeOrganizationTransition
Arts and CultureAll Research universities

Additional requirements

Additional requirements:
  • (motivation-) letter
Cultural Anthropology and Development SociologyAll Research universities

Additional requirements

Additional requirements:
  • (motivation-) letter
International Relations and International OrganizationAll Research universities

Additional requirements

Additional requirements:
  • (motivation-) letter
Hebrew Language and CultureAll Research universities

Additional requirements

Additional requirements:
  • (motivation-) letter
Religious StudiesAll Research universities

Additional requirements

Additional requirements:
  • (motivation-) letter
Theology and Religious StudiesAll Research universities

Additional requirements

Additional requirements:
  • (motivation-) letter
Theology (joint degree)All Research universities

Additional requirements

Additional requirements:
  • (motivation-) letter
Classics (part-time)All Research universities

Additional requirements

Additional requirements:
  • (motivation-) letter
History (part-time)All Research universities

Additional requirements

Additional requirements:
  • (motivation-) letter
Arabic Language and CultureAll Research universities

Additional requirements

Additional requirements:
  • (motivation-) letter
Islam en ArabischAll Research universities

Additional requirements

Additional requirements:
  • (motivation-) letter
European StudiesAll Research universities

Additional requirements

Additional requirements:
  • (motivation-) letter
PhilosophyAll Research universities

Additional requirements

Additional requirements:
  • (motivation-) letter
TheologyAll Research universities

Additional requirements

Additional requirements:
  • (motivation-) letter
Ancient Near Eastern StudiesAll Research universities

Additional requirements

Additional requirements:
  • (motivation-) letter
Political ScienceAll Research universities

Additional requirements

Additional requirements:
  • (motivation-) letter
Ancient CulturesAll Research universities

Additional requirements

Additional requirements:
  • (motivation-) letter
International StudiesAll Research universities

Additional requirements

Additional requirements:
  • (motivation-) letter

Registration procedure

On this page, you will find the procedure for applying in Groningen. When you graduate you need to be enrolled in both programmes.

  • All candidates who wish to study this DDM programme, apply in Studielink for the MA in Theology and Religious Studies: Religion and Pluralism, Ancient and Modern. You will start your first semester in Groningen.
  • International students and Dutch students with non-Dutch qualifications are not automatically admitted to a Master's degree programme at the University of Groningen. The full registration procedure consists of three steps: application via Studielink and the Progress Portal, admission, and registration. Check the application guide for international students for more information about the admissions procedure for students with a non-Dutch degree.
  • (International) students with a Dutch bachelor's degree send all the documentation by mail to studentoffice.rcs@rug.nl after application in Studielink.
  • More information about our DDM partner Cordoba: Application Procedure Cordoba.

Application deadlines

Type of studentDeadlineStart course
Dutch students01 May 202601 September 2026
EU/EEA students01 May 202601 September 2026
non-EU/EEA students01 May 202601 September 2026

Admission requirements

Specific requirementsMore information
previous education

Bachelor's degree in Theology, Religious Studies, or another Bachelor's degree in Arts, Humanities, Philosophy or Social Sciences. Depending on your former study and courses a reading package will be provided. We assume that you are aware of the concepts and theoretical discussions outlined in this literature.

If you have completed a Bachelor's degree other than in one of the disciplines described above, you still have direct access to the MA if you:

  • have completed the university minor Anthropology, Religion in the Modern World, or Art and Religion as well; or
  • can demonstrate the completion of 30 ETCS worth of subjects in the previous degree programme that have introduced you to Archaeology, Ancient History, Ancient Languages, or Ancient Philosophy.

Students can also be admitted via a pre-master's programme.

A selection of previous education programmes is shown below under 'Transfer options'. However, this list is not complete. If your study programme is not listed, this does not automatically mean that you will not be admitted to the Master's programme. In case of doubts or questions, feel free to contact the study advisor: studyadvice.rcs rug.nl

grade list

A grade list of the marks of your bachelor's degree programme with an explanation of the followed courses.

language test

An English language test for Dutch students is only required if you do not have a VWO-diploma. IELTS: 6.5 (6.0 on each part); TOEFL: 90 internet (18 on Reading and Listening, 20 on Speaking and 21 on Writing); Pearson Academic: 66 (62 on Reading, 54 on Listening and Speaking, 62 on Writing); LanguageCert Academic: 70 (65 on each part).

Exemption granted if:

  • You are a native speaker of, and have completed your full secondary level education in: the USA, Canada (only when taught in English), the UK, Ireland, Australia, or New Zealand.
  • You have completed a full-time Bachelor programme (nominal duration of at least three years) in: the USA, Canada (only when English taught), the UK, Ireland, Australia, or New Zealand.

If English was the medium of instruction during your previous education, but you do not meet any of the above mentioned requirements, you are still required to provide proof of your English language proficiency.

(motivation-) letter

A letter to the admissions board, outlining your interest in the Double Degree programme, including your motivation and expectations, and in what way your previous education matches with this programme in terms of contents and/or methodology (max. 1 page). Please also send in a writing sample of an academic paper, preferably your Bachelor's (or Master's) Thesis.

other admission requirements

These entry requirements also apply to the programme in Córdoba.

Students who do not have a bachelor's degree in Arts, Humanities or Behavioural and Social Sciences may be exempted from the requirement to complete the pre-master programme under certain conditions.

Language requirements

ExamMinimum score
IELTS overall band6.5
IELTS listening6
IELTS reading6
IELTS writing6
IELTS speaking6
TOEFL internet based90

Registration procedure

You apply in Groningen. On this page, you will find the procedure for applying in Groningen. Please note: When you graduate you need to be enrolled in both programmes.

  • All candidates who wish to study this programme in Groningen, apply in Studielink for the MA in Theology and Religious Studies: Religion and Pluralism, Ancient and Modern.
  • International students and Dutch students with non-Dutch qualifications are not automatically admitted to a Master's degree programme at the University of Groningen. The full registration procedure will take longer than for Dutch students with regular Dutch qualifications and consists of three steps: application via Studielink and the Progress Portal, admission, and registration.
  • Check the application guide for international students for more information about the admissions procedure in Groningen.
  • International students with a Dutch bachelor's degree send all the documentation by mail to studentoffice.rcs@rug.nl after application in Studielink.
  • More information Application Procedure Cordoba.


Application deadlines

Type of studentDeadlineStart course
Dutch students01 May 202601 September 2026
EU/EEA students01 May 202601 September 2026
non-EU/EEA students01 May 202601 September 2026

Tuition fees

NationalityYearFeeProgramme form
EU/EEA2025-2026€ 2601full-time
non-EU/EEA2025-2026€ 19200full-time

The showed tuition fees are the fees for the programme in Groningen. The fees in Cordoba for EU/EEA-students are € 1061,60 per year.

Regarding the programme part in Groningen are Talent Grant and NL Scholarship available for non-EU students.

All applicants of the University of Groningen with a non-Dutch qualification will have to pay an application fee.

Practical information for:

After your studies

If you want to become a teacher of religion in secondary education you can additionally follow the Educational Master's programme (in Dutch).

Job prospects

As a graduate you can become an adviser and policymaker on interreligious issues and multicultural society. You may work in cultural organisations and companies in the public sector. In addition, you can work in the media. You can become a teacher of religion or philosophy. If you want to pursue an academic career, you can follow this track as a specialization within the Research Master's programme.

Check where the Groningen alumni end up after graduating on our alumni page.

Job examples

  • Consulting & Policy

    You are able to provide well-founded advice on interreligious issues and multicultural society. You can use this expertise in an advisory position at cultural organizations, in companies or in the public sector. Your knowledge equips you for policymaking positions in this field.

  • Media & Journalism

    The current debate often refers to perceived historical realities. Your expertise in Judaism, Christianity and Islam enables you to ask critical questions concerning modern-day claims about these religious traditions. You can use your knowledge and skills as an editor at a publishing company, broadcasting company, newspaper or news and current affairs magazine. You could also work as a freelancer.

  • Education

    Once you have completed this Master's programme you will have enough knowledge of the subject to become a secondary school teacher in the subject of Religious Studies and Philosophy or Social Studies. You could also opt for a position in higher vocational education, for example teaching Theology at a university of applied sciences. As you also need didactic skills as a teacher, it is advisable to do a Master's in Education after you have completed your regular Master's programme.

Research

Groningen

When you take part in this MA programme in Groningen, you will benefit from the expertise of the scholars in the Department of Jewish, Christian and Islamic Origins of the Faculty of Religion, Culture and Society of the University of Groningen.

The Department is a major European centre for the study of the origins and cultural contexts of the three religious traditions and is unique in its combined focus on the multi- and interdisciplinary analysis of the texts and artifacts of these traditions. Traditional disciplines such as history, archaeology, philology, literary analysis and interpretation, codicology, palaeography, and epigraphy are combined with cutting-edge developments in fields such as artificial intelligence and forensics with a view to cracking the mysteries of the ancient religions of the Mediterranean and Near Eastern worlds.

Besides the study of the foundational texts of the Jewish and Christian Bibles, and the Quran, the department puts a strong focus on the alternative traditions not included in the official Jewish, Christian, and Islamic scriptures, but recorded in the famous Dead-Sea scrolls, Jewish and Christian apocrypha, the Nag Hammadi collection, pre- and early Islamic inscriptions and Quranic manuscripts.

Lecturers and their expertise

  • Kim Fowler is Assistant Professer of New Testament.
  • Mónica Colominas Aparicio is Professor of Islam, with special attention to the Iberian Peninsula, religious minorities, muslim-christian-jewish polemics, and manuscripts.
  • Seyfeddin Kara is Assistant Professor of Islamic Origins. He specialises in the study of early Islam, the Qur'an, hadith, Sunni and Shiʿi Islam, as well as the study of Muslims in Europe.
  • Mladen Popović is Professor Old Testament and Early Judaism, with special attention to Qumran and the Dead Sea Scrolls.
  • Lautaro Roig Lanzillotta is Professor of New Testament and Early Christianity. He specializes in alternative Christianities with a focus on the Nag Hammadi library and the Apocryphal Acts of Apostles. He also teaches in Cordoba.

Cordoba

The lecturers in Cordoba are part of the Faculty of Philosophy and Humanities. Some of the lecturers work at other institutions, but teach in this programme at Cordoba University.

Lecturers and their expertise

Apply nowBrochureEventsContact

Contact

  • ambassadors (our student ambassadors are happy to tell you more about the MA programme)
    Email: prospectives.rcs rug.nl
  • Kees van den Ende MA (study advisor)
    Email: studyadvice.rcs rug.nl
    Telephone: 050-363 9382

Pre-master's Programme

If you do not have a bachelor's degree in either the Humanities, Arts, Philosophy or Behavioural and Social Sciences (see the section 'entry requirements' above), generally speaking you will first need to complete a pre-master's programme before you can enter this master's programme. However, there are exemptions. For example, if you have completed one of the university minors of the Faculty of Religion, Culture and Society.

See our website for more information about the pre-master's programme, and the excemptions for following a pre-master's programme.

Study associations

Gerardus van der Leeuw

Gerardus van der Leeuw is the study association of the Faculty of Religion, Culture and Society at the University of Groningen.
Besides broadening activities (for example, lectures or career events) for both the Religious Studies and Theology programs, they organize relaxing activities such as get-togethers and trips abroad.
http://www.gerardusvanderleeuw.nl/
Student profile

You have reason to think that the origins of things, particularly of the monotheistic religions, still matter for understanding them and their place in the world. You suspect that historical-contextual study might make possible insights not obvious from traditional narratives and claims. You have a curiosity about human experience that extends beyond your own time and place to worlds truly different—but still consequential for our times.

You wish to study the full scope of religious pluralism throughout history and want to experience for your self what it is like to live and study in another country and culture.

Study support

In Groningen, Master's students are expected to show a large degree of independence. If necessary you can make use of various forms of study supervision and study support. For example, you can contact a mentor or your study advisor. While writing your thesis, you will receive personal supervision from one of the lecturers.

Immediately after arrival in Groningen, students who gained their Bachelor's degree at a different faculty or university will be allocated a mentor who will help them get to know the Faculty. You can also go to the study advisor if you have doubts about your abilities or for whatever reason run the risk of study delay. You will receive intensive supervision while writing your thesis. The Master's programme includes a thesis seminar, where attention is paid to how to tackle writing a Master's thesis, and where the progress of the process is monitored closely. You will also receive structural supervision from the lecturer who is the specialist in the field of your thesis.