Mulder, Prof. Machiel
Machiel Mulder is Professor of Regulation of Energy Markets in the Faculty of Economics and Business. He studies the functioning of energy markets and energy policy. One of Mulder's conclusions was that the demand for gas in the Netherlands will rise steeply in the years to come because of the electrification of homes and transport. According to Mulder, it is important to uphold the basic principles of the organization of the European electricity market to keep the costs of the required energy transition to a minimum.
Mulder studied economics at the University of Groningen and was awarded a PhD by Erasmus University Rotterdam for a thesis entitled ‘Bedrijfstakverkenning en financiële analyse: een simulatiemodel voor de glastuinbouw’ (Sector exploration and financial analysis: a simulation model for horticulture under glass). He then worked as head of the Energy department at the CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis, deputy chief economist of the Netherlands Competition Authority (NMa) and specialist in Regulation Economics at the Authority for Consumers and Markets (ACM).
In 2015, Mulder was awarded a grant by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) to conduct research into changes in the electricity market caused by renewable energy. Two years later, he was appointed to the board of the global association of professionals, the International Association for Energy Economics (IAEE), and organized the 41st International IAEE conference in Groningen on the association’s behalf in 2018. In addition, Mulder is director of the Groningen Centre for Energy Economics Research (CEER) and chair of the Benelux Association for Energy Economics (BAEE).
Previously in the news
- Moving away from natural gas using electricity generated from... natural gas (de Volkskrant)
- We need more gas-processing plants; Sustainable sources cannot meet the demand for electricity until 2050 (Financieele Dagblad)
- Research: The Netherlands will still need 30 billion cubic metres of gas in 2050 (Dagblad van het Noorden)
- We need more gas-processing plants. And they will be profitable (Financiele Dagblad)
- 'Take earthquake damage into account when estimating the cost of extracting gas' (NOS)
- The floodlighting at ADO illustrates the future of the electricity grid (Financieele Dagblad)
- Energy-neutral? Preferably not! (Dagblad van het Noorden)
Contact and more information
Publications
2021
Steg,
L., Perlaviciute, G., Sovacool, B. K.,
Bonaiuto, M., Diekmann, A., Filippini, M., Hindriks,
F., Bergstad, C. J., Matthies, E., Matti, S., Mulder,
M., Nilsson, A., Pahl, S., Roggenkamp, M.,
Schuitema, G., Stern, P. C., Tavoni, M., Thøgersen, J.,
& Woerdman, E. (2021). A Research Agenda to Better
Understand the Human Dimensions of Energy Transitions.
Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1-11.
[672776]. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.672776
Trinks,
A., Ibikunle, G., Mulder, M., & Scholtens,
B. (Accepted/In press). Carbon intensity and the cost
of equity capital. The Energy Journal,
43(2). https://doi.org/10.5547/01956574.43.2.atri
Keller,
J. T., Kuper, G. H., & Mulder,
M. (2021). Challenging Natural Monopolies:
Assessing Market Power of Gas Transmission System Operators for
Cross-Border Capacity. (SOM Research Reports; Vol.
2021003-EEF). University of Groningen, SOM research school.
Mulder,
M., & Woerdman, E. (2021). Energy
Networks, Natural Monopolies and Tariff Regulation. In M. M.
Roggenkamp, K. J. de Graaf, & R. C. Fleming (Eds.), Energy
Law, Climate Change and the Environment (pp. 563-572). (Elgar
Encyclopedia of Environmental Law; Vol. 9). Edward Elgar
Publishing.
Hulshof,
D., Mulder, M., & Perey, P.
(2021). Giving hydrogen a jump start: lessons learned
from Dutch policies in other industries. (CEER Policy
Paper; No. 9). Centre for Energy Economics Research (CEER).
Mulder,
M. (2021, Jan 20). Opmerkingen op de reacties van
Rotmans en Erickson op het onderzoek van Mulder et al.
(2020).
Li,
X., & Mulder, M. (2021). Value of
Power-to-Gas as a Flexibility Option in Integrated Electricity and
Hydrogen Markets. (SOM Research Reports; Vol.
2021004-EEF). University of Groningen, SOM research school.
Mulder,
M., Hulshof, D., & Perey, P.
(2021). Waterstofbeleid kan leren van eerdere
transities. ESB Economisch Statistische
Berichten.
2020
Trinks,
A., Mulder, M., & Scholtens,
B. (2020). An Efficiency Perspective on Carbon
Emissions and Financial Performance. Ecological
Economics, 175, [106632]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106632
Mulder,
M., Hulshof, D., Perey, P.,
& Rekker, L. (2020). Bedrijfsspecifieke
beperking in exploratie en productie en het effect op het
wereldwijde verbruik van fossiele energie: een analyse toegespitst
op de positie van Shell. (CEER - Policy Papers; Vol.
8). Centre for Energy Economics Research (CEER).
Mulder,
M., & Perey, P. (2020, Apr 29).
Beoordeling aanvraag Green Shipping: advies aan de
Waddenacademie.
Keller,
J. T., Kuper, G. H., & Mulder,
M. (2020). Competition under revenue-cap regulation
with efficiency benchmarking: tariff related incentives for gas
transmission system operators in merged markets.
Journal of Regulatory Economics,
58(2-3), 141-165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11149-020-09414-z
Mulder,
M. (2020). Dynamic grid tariffs as efficient and fair
solutions to grid congestions. Oxford Energy
Forum, 2020(124), 28-31.
Hulshof,
D., Mulder, M., & Perey, P.
(2020, Apr 29). Enkele kanttekeningen bij vormgeving
subsidies duurzame energie transitie: Position paper over de SDE++
regeling voor Tweede Kamer commissie Economische Zaken en
Klimaat.
Karsten,
E., & Mulder, M. (2020). Hernieuwbare stroom
kan voorlopig niet zonder subsidie. ESB Economisch
Statistische Berichten. https://esb.nu/esb/20060099/hernieuwbare-stroom-kan-voorlopig-niet-zonder-subsidie
Nieuwenburg,
M., Smit, E., & Mulder, M. (2020).
Performance of Dutch energy-distribution operators: an
assessment of costs, quality and financial position since
2010. (CEER Policy Papers; No. 7). Centre for Energy
Economics Research (CEER).
Mulder,
M., & Perey, P. (2020). Position
Paper over Kabinetsvisie Waterstof: inbreng voor Tweede Kamer
Commissie Economische Zaken en Klimaat.
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen.
Mulder,
M., Hulshof, D., Perey, P.,
& Rekker, L. (2020). Reactie op commentaar van
Peter Erickson op Mulder et. al. (2020). (CEER Policy
Paper ; No. 8). Centre for Energy Economics Research (CEER).
Mulder,
M. (2020). Regulation of Energy Markets: Economic
Mechanisms and Policy Evaluation. (1 ed.) (Lecture
Notes in Energy; Vol. 80). Springer International Publisher. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58319-4
Mulder,
M. (2020, Apr 21). Regulatory challenges to foster
cross-border trade in electricity systems with increasing shares of
renewables. EnergyPost. EU. https://energypost.eu/regulatory-challenges-to-cross-border-trade/
Hulshof,
D., & Mulder, M. (2020). The impact
of renewable energy use on firm profit. Energy
Economics, 92, [104957]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2020.104957
Mulder,
M. (2020). Vermindering van aardgasverbruik van
woningen in een breder economisch perspectief. In
“ De opgave waar we voor staan is groot en complex”
: Essaybundel over aardgasvrije wijken door negen professoren
(pp. 74-83). Programma Aardgasvrije Wijken. https://www.aardgasvrijewijken.nl/nieuws/1561408.aspx?t=Essay+Machiel+Mulder%3a+Vermindering+van+aardgasverbruik+van+woningen
Hulshof,
D., & Mulder, M. (2020). Willingness
to Pay for CO2 Emission Reductions in Passenger Car
Transport. Environmental & Resource
Economics, 75(4), 899–929. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-020-00411-6
2019
Jafarian,
M., Scherpen, J. M. A., Loeff, K., Mulder,
M., & Aiello, M. (2020). A combined
nodal and uniform pricing mechanism for congestion management in
distribution power networks. Electric Power
Systems Research, 180, [106088]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2019.106088
Kraal,
D., Mulder, M., & Perey, P. (2020).
Taxation and Pricing of Natural Gas: The Dutch transition to
gas market hub pricing and lessons for Australia’s integrated
gas projects. University of New South Wales Law
Journal, 43(1), 39-81.
Keller,
J., Kuper, G., & Mulder, M.
(2019). Competition under Regulation: Do Regulated Gas
Transmission System Operators in Merged Markets Compete on Network
Tariffs? (SOM Research Reports; Vol. 2019008-EEF).
University of Groningen, SOM research school.
Moraga
González, J., Mulder, M., &
Perey, P. (2019). Future markets for renewable
gases and hydrogen: what would be the optimal regulatory
provisions? CERRE - Centre on Regulation in Europe. https://www.cerre.eu/publications/future-markets-renewable-gases-and-hydrogen
Mulder,
M., & Perey, P. (2019). Groene
waterstof laat zich lastig rendabel maken. ESB
Economisch Statistische Berichten, 2019. https://esb.nu/esb/20056504/groene-waterstof-laat-zich-lastig-rendabel-maken
Mulder,
M. (2019). Hernieuwbare stroom, netwerk
stabiliteit en opslag: hoe zorgt de markt voor
flexibiliteit? (UGBS White Paper). University of
Groningen Business School (UGBS). https://www.rug.nl/feb-for-business/business-school/executive-programmas/energietransitie/forms/download-het-whitepaper?utm_source=LK&utm_medium=post&utm_campaign=ugbs-et-whitepaper1-machiel-okt19
Mulder,
M. (2019, Sep 10). Hoe wordt waterstof echt groen en
wat doen we in de tussentijd? (blog). Centre for Energy
Economics Research (CEER). https://www.rug.nl/ceer/blog/hoe-wordt-waterstof-echt-groen-en-wat-doen-we-in-de-tussentijd-10-09-2019
Mulder,
M. (2019). Kolencentrales in de polder: private en
publieke belangen in het Energieakkoord.
RegelMaat, 34(2), 112-125. https://doi.org/10.5553/RM/0920055X2019034002003
Keller,
J. T., Kuper, G. H., & Mulder,
M. (2019). Mergers of Germany's natural gas market
areas: Is transmission capacity booked efficiently?
Utilities Policy, 56, 104-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2018.11.005
Bartelet,
H., & Mulder, M. (2019). Natural Gas markets
in the European Union: Testing Resilience.
Economics of Energy & Environmental
Policy, 9(1), 185-205. https://doi.org/10.5547/2160-5890.8.2.hbar
Mulder,
M., Perey, P. L., & Moraga , J.
L. (2019). Outlook for a Dutch hydrogen market:
economic conditions and scenarois. (CEER Policy Papers;
No. 5). Centre for Energy Economics Research, University of
Groningen, . https://www.rug.nl/ceer/blog/ceer_policypaper_5_web.pdf
Hulshof,
D., Jepma, C., & Mulder, M.
(2019). Performance of markets for European renewable energy
certificates. Energy Policy,
128, 697-710. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.01.051
Hulshof,
D., & Mulder, M. (2019).
Renewable Energy Use as Environmental CSR Behavior and
the Impact on Firm Profit. (SOM Research Reports; No.
2019009-EEF). University of Groningen, SOM research school.
Mulder,
M. (2019, Apr 14). Substantieel waterbedeffect binnen
emissiehandelssysteem. ESB Economisch Statistische
Berichten. https://esb.nu/blog/20051597/substantieel-waterbedeffect-binnen-emissiehandelssysteem
Mulder,
M., & Willems, B. (2019). The Dutch retail
electricity market. Energy Policy,
127, 228-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.12.010
2018
Moraga
González, J., & Mulder, M. (2018).
Electrification of heating and transport: a scenario
analysis up to 2050. (CEER Policy Papers; No. 2).
Centre for Energy Economics Research, University of Groningen,
.
Mulder,
M., & Zeng, Y. (2018). Exploring Interaction
Effects of Climate Policies: a Model Analysis of the Power
Market. Resource and Energy Economics,
54 , 165–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reseneeco.2018.09.002
Trinks,
A., Scholtens, B., Mulder,
M., & Dam, L. (2018). Fossil Fuel
Divestment and Portfolio Performance. Ecological
Economics, 146, 740-748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.11.036
Moraga
González, J., le Coq, C., Mulder, M.,
& Schwenen, S. (2018). Gas and the electrification of
heating & transport: scenarios for 2050. CERRE -
Centre on Regulation in Europe. http://www.cerre.eu/publications/gas-and-electrification-heating-transport-scenarios-2050
Mulder,
M., & Perey, P. (Eds.) (2018).
Gas production and earthquakes in Groningen: reflection
on economic and social consequences. (CEER Policy
Papers; Vol. 3). Centre for Energy Economics Research, University
of Groningen, .
Mulder,
M., & Perey, P. (2018). Groningen gas
field in the European gas market. In M. Mulder, & P.
Perey (Eds.), Gas production and earthquakes in Groningen:
reflection on economic and social consequences (CEER Policy
papers; Vol. 3). Centre for Energy Economics Research, University
of Groningen, .
Mulder,
M. (2018). Klimaatberaad koerst af op ondoelmatig
beleid. ESB Economisch Statistische
Berichten, 103(4768), 569-573. https://esb.nu/esb/20046711/klimaatberaad-koerst-af-op-ondoelmatig-beleid
Mulder,
M. (2018). Merchant investments in
interconnections in the European electricity market: the AQUIND
case. (CEER policy Paper; No. 4). Centre for Energy
Economics Research, University of Groningen, .
Keller,
J. T., Kuper, G. H., & Mulder,
M. (2018). Mergers of Gas Market Areas and
Competition amongst Transmission System Operators: Evidence on
Booking Behaviour in the German Markets. (SOM Research
Report; Vol. 2018, No. 001). University of Groningen, SOM research
school.
Hulshof,
D., Jepma, C., & Mulder, M.
(2018). Performance of Markets for European Renewable
Energy Certificates. (SOM Research Reports; Vol. 2018,
No. 005). University of Groningen, SOM research school.
van
Leeuwen, C., & Mulder, M. (2018).
Power-to-gas in electricity markets dominated by
renewables. Applied Energy,
232, 258-272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.09.217
Huizingh,
E., Mulder, F., & Mulder, M. (2018).
Towards Energy Savings: Stimulating Households to Invest in
Retrofit Measures. In I. Bitran, S. Conn, E. Huizingh, O.
Kokshagina, M. Torkkeli, & M. Tynnhammar (Eds.),
Proceedings of ISPIM Connects Fukuoka: Solving Challenges
Through Innovation ISPIM.
Koopmans,
C., Mulder, M., & Tieben, B. (2018).
Verkenning MKBA werkwijzer Energie.
(SEO-rapport; No. 2018-23). SEO, Foundation for Economic Research
of the University of Amsterdam.
2017
Neuteleers,
S., Mulder, M., & Hindriks, F.
(2017). Assessing fairness of dynamic grid tariffs.
Energy Policy, 108, 111-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.028
Mulder,
M., & Scholtens, B. (2017).
Corrigendum to 'A plant-level analysis of the spill-over
effects of the German Energiewende' [Appl. Energy 183 (2016)
1259–1271]. Applied Energy,
190, 1316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.01.094
Dijkstra,
P. T., Haan, M. A., & Mulder, M.
(2017). Design of Yardstick Competition and Consumer Prices:
Experimental Evidence. Energy
Economics, 66, 261-271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2017.06.016
Trinks,
A., Scholtens, B., Mulder,
M., & Dam, L. (2017). Divesting
Fossil Fuels: The Implications for Investment
Portfolios. (SOM Research Reports; Vol. 17001-EEF).
University of Groningen, SOM research school.
Mulder,
M., & Zomer, S. (2017). Dutch Consumers’
Willingness to Pay for Broiler Welfare. Journal of
Applied Animal Welfare Science, 20(2),
137-154. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888705.2017.1281134
Mulder,
M. (2017). Energietransitie en
elektriciteitsmarkt: verkenning van een gespannen
relatie. (1 ed.) (CEER - Policy Papers; Vol. 1). Centre
for Energy Economics Research, University of Groningen, . http://www.rug.nl/news-and-events/news/archief2017/nieuwsberichten/0309-energietransitie-en-elektriciteitsmarkt-machiel-mulder-rug-maart2017.pdf
Mulder,
M. (2017). Energy transition and the electricity
market: an exploration of a electrifying relationship.
(1 ed.) (CEER Policy Papers; Vol. 1). Centre for Energy Economics
Research, University of Groningen, . http://www.rug.nl/news-and-events/news/archief2017/nieuwsberichten/energy-transition-and-the-electricity-market.pdf
Mulder,
M., & Zeng, Y. (2017). Exploring Interaction
Effects of Climate Polices: A Model Analysis of the Power
Market. In IAEE Energy Forum (Singapore Issue ed.,
Vol. 2017, pp. 31-32) http://www.iaee.org/documents/2017EnergyForumSI.pdf
Trinks,
A., Ibikunle, G., Mulder, M., &
Scholtens, B. (2017). Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Intensity and the Cost of Capital. (SOM Research
Reports; No. 17017-EEF). University of Groningen, SOM research
school.
Neuteleers,
S., & Mulder, M. (2017). Hoe rechtvaardig
zijn dynamische elektriciteitsnettarieven?
Economisch Statistische Berichten,
102(4750), 292-295. https://esb.nu/esb/20027594/hoe-rechtvaardig-zijn-dynamische-elektriciteitsnettarieven
Dijkstra,
P. T., Haan, M. A., & Mulder, M.
(2017). Industry structure and collusion with uniform
yardstick competition: Theory and experiments.
International Journal of Industrial
Organization, 50, 1-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2016.10.001
Mulder,
M., & Pangan, M. (2017). Influence of climate
policy and market forces on coal-fired power plants: Evidence on
the Dutch market over 2006-2014. Economics of
Energy & Environmental Policy, 6(2),
87-110. https://doi.org/10.5547/2160-5890.6.2.mmul
Mulder,
M. (2017). Lokaal opwekken in een internationale
markt. Energie+, 2(June). https://www.energieplus.nl/
Mulder,
M. (2017). Nationale energietransities in Europese
energiemarkten. Economisch Statistische
Berichten, 102(4754S), 77-81.
Mous,
S., & Mulder, M. (2017). Schonere
energiesector leidt tot meer vervuiling industrie.
Economisch Statistische Berichten,
102(4754), 467-469.
2016
Mulder,
M., & Scholtens, B. (2016). A
plant-level analysis of the spill-over effects of the German
Energiewende. Applied Energy,
183, 1259-1271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.09.056
Neuteleers,
S., Mulder, M., & Hindriks, F.
(2016). Assessing fairness of dynamic grid
tariffs. (SOM Research Reports; Vol. 16014-EEF).
University of Groningen, SOM research school.
Mulder,
M., & Willems, B. (2016). Competition in
Retail Electricity Markets: An Assessment of Ten Year Dutch
Experience. (SOM Reseach Reports; Vol. 16012-EEF).
University of Groningen, SOM research school. http://www.rug.nl/research/som-ri/som-research-reports/som-research-reports-2016/16012-eef-def.pdf
Mulder,
M., & Zomer, S. P. E. (2016). Contribution of
green labels in electricity retail markets to fostering renewable
energy. Energy Policy, 99,
100-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2016.09.040
Kuper,
G. H., & Mulder, M. (2016).
Cross-border constraints, institutional changes and
integration of the Dutch-German gas market. Energy
Economics, 53, 182-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2014.09.009
Mulder,
M. (2016). De markt voor groene stroom is een
fictie. ESB Economisch Statistische
Berichten, 101(4743), 718-721. https://esb.nu/esb/20020616/de-markt-voor-groene-stroom-is-een-fictie
Mulder,
M. (2016). Economic Regulation of Energy
Networks. In A. Beaulieu, J. Scherpen, & J. de Wilde
(Eds.), Smart Grids from a Global Perspective: Bridging Old and
New Energy Systems (pp. 113-128). (Power Systems). Springer.
http://www.springer.com/us/book/9783319280752
Zeng,
Y., & Mulder, M. (2016). Exploring
Interaction Effects of Climate Policies: a Model Analysis of the
Power Market. (SOM Research Report; No. 16018 - EEF).
University of Groningen, SOM research school. http://www.rug.nl/research/som-ri/som-research-reports/som-research-reports-2016/16018-eef-def.pdf
Rook,
M., & Mulder, M. (2016). Implicit
premiums in renewable-energy support schemes. (SOM
Research Reports; Vol. 16023-EEF). University of Groningen, SOM
research school.
Mulder,
M., & Pangan, M. (2016). Influence of
Environmental Policy and Market Forces on Coal-fired Power Plants:
Evidence on the Dutch Market over 2006-2014. (SOM
Research Reports; Vol. 16017-EEF). University of Groningen, SOM
research school. http://www.rug.nl/research/som-ri/som-research-reports/som-research-reports-2016/16017-eef-def.pdf
Hulshof,
D., van der Maat, J-P., & Mulder, M.
(2016). Market fundamentals, competition and natural-gas
prices. Energy Policy, 94,
480-491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2015.12.016
Mulder,
M., (2016). Prediction errors of determining the
risk-free interest rate for the WACC for a 5-years regulatory
period, (memorandum on tariff regulation for the
Authority for Consumers & Markets (ACM)). https://www.acm.nl/nl/publicaties/publicatie/15674/Prediction-errors-of-determining-the-risk-free-interest-rate/
2015
Mulder,
M., & Scholtens, L. (2015). A
plant-level analysis of the spill-over effects of the German
Energiewende. (SOM Research Reports; Vol.
15020-EEF). University of Groningen, SOM research school.
Mulder,
M. (2015). Competition in the Dutch electricity
wholesale market: An empirical analysis over 2006-2011.
The Energy Journal, 36(2), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.5547/01956574.36.2.1
Kloosterhuis,
E., & Mulder, M. (2015). Competition law and
environmental protection: the Dutch agreement on coal-fired power
plants. Journal of Competition Law &
Economics, 11(4), 855-880. https://doi.org/10.1093/joclec/nhv017
Zomer,
S., Benning, T., Leenheer, J., & Mulder, M.
(2015). De betalingsbereidheid van consumenten voor
dierenwelzijn. ESB Economisch Statistische
Berichten, 100(4703), 84-87.
Dijkstra,
P., Haan, M., & Mulder, M. (2015).
Design of yardstick competition and consumer prices:
Experimental evidence. (SOM Research Reports; Vol.
15004-EEF). University of Groningen, SOM research school.
Mulder,
M., Petrikaite, V., & Scholtens, B. (2015).
Distributed energy generation techniques and the competitive
fringe effect in electricity markets. Resource and
Energy Economics, 42, 125-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reseneeco.2015.07.004
Huizingh,
E., & Mulder, M. (2015).
Effectiveness of regulatory interventions on firm behavior: a
randomized field experiment with e-commerce firms.
Small Business Economics, 45(4),
825-840. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-015-9666-9
Mulder,
M. (2015). Is minder gas winnen wel verstandig?
Sociale Vraagstukken. http://www.socialevraagstukken.nl/site/2015/05/15/is-minder-gas-winnen-wel-verstandig/
Mulder,
M., & Stil, R. (2015). Reguleren van
netwerksectoren als marktproces. Tijdschrift voor
Toezicht, 6(1), 57-60. https://doi.org/10.5553/TvT/187987052015006001005
Schipperus,
O. T., & Mulder, M. (2015). The
effectiveness of policies to transform a gas-exporting country into
a gas-transit country: The case of The Netherlands.
Energy Policy, 84, 117-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2015.04.026
2014
Mandil,
C., Bressand, A., van der Linde, C., Luciani, G., McNaughton,
J., & Mulder, M. (2014). A new European
Energy Policy? Assessment and proposals. Synopia.
Mulder,
M. (2014). Balanceren in onzekerheid: Zoektocht
naar de optimale regulering (Oratie). Stichting Energy
Academy Europe. http://www.rug.nl/staff/machiel.mulder/oratie-machiel-mulder.pdf
Mulder,
M. (2014). Balanceren in onzekerheid: zoektocht naar
de optimale regulering (bewerkte versie oratie).
TPEdigitaal, 8(3), 128-145. http://www.tpedigitaal.nl/assets/static/Mulder-3-2014.pdf
Mulder,
M. (2014). Balanceren in onzekerheid; zoektocht naar
de optimale regulering (ingekorte versie van oratie).
Eemsdelta Kringen, (3), 28-31.
Huisman,
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