Loonen, Dr Maarten
Maarten Loonen is a polar researcher who has been travelling to Spitsbergen for over 25 years to study the behaviour of migratory birds and changes in their living conditions. The Polar regions are unique for researchers as rises in temperature and the consequences for humans, animals and plants are extra visible here. On Spitsbergen, Loonen and other Groningen scientists are studying whale hunting, tourism, mining, ecosystems and the consequences of climate change for migratory birds. In 2014, Loonen was one of the researchers of the University of Groningen that were invited by the Dutch Navy to join an expedition to Jan Mayen island. This was a unique opportunity for the researchers to visit this isolated island. The multidisciplinary research team concentrated on archaeology and biology.
Loonen also charts the flying routes of the arctic tern. To that end he implemented an instrument that was new in academic research – crowdfunding. Via the website www.rugsteuntstern.nl, interested parties could donate money. Loonen was able to fit arctic terns with geolocators and expects to be able to chart the changes in the migratory patterns after a few years. And, because the birds cross the entire globe twice a year, he hopes to gain a better idea of the ecological changes that are taking place worldwide.
Loonen will be leading the largest Dutch polar expedition in history, to the east side of Spitsbergen, in August 2015. He is the driving force behind this large-scale project.
Previously in the news
- Dutch scientists set to return to Spitsbergen in 2020
- Maarten Loonen’s climate change grief
- Largest Dutch polar expedition in history
- Groningen researchers to visit Jan Mayen island with Dutch Navy
- 'Geese deserve better'
- RUG starts crowdfunding to support research on Arctic tern
- Street view in Spitsbergen
2020
Fjelldal,
M. A., Layton-Matthews, K., Lee, A. M., Grotan, V., Loonen,
M. J. J. E., & Hansen, B. B. (2020). High-Arctic
family planning: Earlier spring onset advances age at first
reproduction in barnacle geese. Biology
Letters, 16(4), [20200075]. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2020.0075
2019
Layton-Matthews,
K., Hansen, B. B., Grotan, V., Fuglei, E., & Loonen, M.
J. J. E. (2020). Contrasting consequences of climate
change for migratory geese: Predation, density dependence and
carryover effects offset benefits of high-arctic warming.
Global Change Biology, 26(2),
642-657. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14773
Loonen,
M., Bosscher, F., Vastenhoud, H., Zanting, L., van Bodegom,
R., Steenhuisen, F., ... de Vries, K. (2019).
Veranderingen in een 17de eeuws grafveld op Spitsbergen door
dooiende permafrost. Paleo-aktueel,
(30), 119-126. https://doi.org/10.21827/pa.30.119-126
Lameris,
T. K., de Jong, M. E., Boom, M. P., van der Jeugd, H. P., Litvin,
K. E., Loonen, M. J. J. E., ... Prop, J. (2019).
Climate warming may affect the optimal timing of reproduction
for migratory geese differently in the low and high Arctic.
Oecologia, 191(4), 1003-1014. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-019-04533-7
Layton-Matthews,
K., Loonen, M. J. J. E., Hansen, B. B., Coste, C. F.
D., Saether, B-E., & Grotan, V. (2019). Density-dependent
population dynamics of a high Arctic capital breeder, the barnacle
goose. Journal of Animal Ecology,
88(8), 1191-1201. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13001
Bacon,
L., Madsen, J., Jensen, G. H., de Vries, L., Follestad, A.,
Koffijberg, K., ... Guillemain, M. (2019). Spatio-temporal
distribution of greylag goose Anser anser resightings on the
north-west/south-west European flyway: guidance for the delineation
of transboundary management units. Wildlife
biology, 2019(1), [00533]. https://doi.org/10.2981/wlb.00533
de
Jong, M. E., Wetherbee, R., & Loonen, M. J. J. E.
(2019). Effects of fleas on nest success of Arctic barnacle
geese: experimentally testing the mechanism.
Journal of Avian Biology, 50(5),
[01944]. https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.01944
Hitchcock,
D. J., Andersen, T., Varpe, O., Loonen, M. J. J. E.,
Warner, N. A., Herzke, D., ... Borga, K. (2019). Potential
Effect of Migration Strategy on Pollutant Occurrence in Eggs of
Arctic Breeding Barnacle Geese (Branta leucopsis).
Environmental science & technology,
53(9), 5427-5435. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b00014
Pedersen,
C. A., Bischof, K., Kohler, J., Krejci, R., Hudson, S.,
Loonen, M. J. J. E., & Fuglei, E. (2019).
State of the new Arctic as observed in Ny-Ålesund
Research Station. Poster session presented at Arctic
Frontiers , Tromso, Norway.
Tiusanen,
M., Huotari, T., Hebert, P. D. N., Loonen, M. J. J.
E., & Roslin, T. (2019). Flower-visitor
communities of an arcto-alpine plant — Global patterns in
species richness, phylogenetic diversity and ecological
functioning. Molecular Ecology,
28(2), 318-335. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.14932
Loonen,
M. J. J. E., Bosscher, F., Vastenhoud, H., Zanting, L.,
Bodegom, van, R., Steenhuisen, F., ... de vries, K.
(2019). Veranderingen in een 17de eeuws grafveld door
dooiende permafrost. Paleo-aktueel,
30, 119-126.
2018
Scheiber,
I. B. R., Weiß, B. M., de Jong, M. E., Braun, A., van den
Brink, N. W., Loonen, M. J. J. E., ... Komdeur,
J. (2018). Stress behaviour and physiology of
developing Arctic barnacle goslings (Branta leucopsis) is
affected by legacy trace contaminants. Proc R Soc
Lond B Biol Sci, 285(1893), [20181866]. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1866
Hayashi,
K., Tanabe, Y., Ono, K., Loonen, M. J. J. E., Asano,
M., Fujitani, H., ... Hayatsu, M. (2018). Seabird-affected
taluses are denitrification hotspots and potential N2O emitters in
the High Arctic. Scientific Reports,
8, [17261]. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-35669-w
Loonen,
M. J. J. E. (2018). Ny-Ålesund Research
Station in Svalbard, Norway - a home for international research
collaboration. Poster session presented at Polar2018,
Davos, Switzerland.
Hitchcock,
D. J., Loonen, M. J. J. E., Andersen, T., &
Borgå, K. (2018). Migration effects on pollutants in
eggs of Arctic breeding geese. Poster session presented
at SETAC, Rome, Italy.
van
den Brink, N. W., Scheiber, I. B. R., de Jong, M. E., Braun, A.,
Arini, A., Basu, N., ... Loonen, M. J. J. E. (2018).
Mercury associated neurochemical response in Arctic barnacle
goslings (Branta leucopsis). Science of the
Total Environment, 624, 1052-1058. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.191
Loonen,
M. J. J. E., Bij de Vaate, I., Hoek, W. Z., &
Wagner-Cremer, F. (2018). Svalbard ecosystems under
pressure through climate and goose grazing: Proxy development for
goose impact based on phytoliths. Poster session
presented at Nederlands Aardwetenschappelijk Congres, Veldhoven,
Netherlands.
Moe,
B., Hanssen, S. A., Gabrielsen, G. W., & Loonen, M. J. J.
E. (2018). Fugleovervåkning ved etablering av
nytt geodesianlegg ved Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard: Årsrapport
for 2017. (NINArapport; No. 1465). Trondheim: Norsk
institutt for naturforskning.
2017
de
Jong, M., Scheiber, I. B. R., Brink, N. W. V. D., Braun, A.,
Matson, K., Komdeur, J., & Loonen, M. J. J.
E. (2017). Indices of stress and immune function in
Arctic barnacle goslings (Branta leucopsis) were impacted by
social isolation but not a contaminated grazing environment.
Science of the Total Environment,
601, 132-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.183
Loonen,
M. J. J. E., de Goede, E., Bartholomeus, H., Soudzilovskaia,
N. A., Kooistra, L., & van Bodegom, P. (2017). Remote
sensing (sub-) Arctic Functional Diversity. Poster
session presented at Svalbard Science Conference, Oslo,
Norway.
Loonen,
M. J. J. E., Hayashi, K., Tanabe, Y., Ono, K., Uchida, M.,
Tago, K., & Hayatsu, M. (2017). Very higt
nitrification and denitrification potentials of soils on the talus
under a kittiwake-cliff in Ny-Ålesund. Poster
session presented at Svalbard symposium, Oslo, Norway.
Scheiber,
I., de Jong, M., Komdeur, J., Pschernig, E.,
Loonen, M. J. J. E., Millesi, E., & Weiss, B. M. (2017).
Diel pattern of corticosterone metabolites in Arctic barnacle
goslings (Branta leucopsis) under continuous natural
light. PLoS ONE, 12(8),
[e0182861]. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182861
Loonen,
M. J. J. E., Hitchcock, D., Warner, N., Herzke, D.,
Andersen, T., Tombre, I. M., ... Borgå, K. (2017).
Migration effects on pollutants in eggs of
arctic-breeding geese.. Poster session presented at
16th international conference on chemistry and the environmental
icce2017.org, Norway.
Buij,
R., Melman, T. C. P., Loonen, M. J. J. E., & Fox,
A. D. (2017). Balancing ecosystem function, services and
disservices resulting from expanding goose populations.
Ambio, 46 (Suppl. 2), S301-S318. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-017-0902-1
Layton-Matthews,
K., Grotan, V., Hansen, B. B., & Loonen, M. J. J.
E. (2017). Density dependence in an aging and
declining population of high arctic geese. Poster
session presented at Norwegian Ecological Society, Oslo,
Norway.
Sandström,
C., Prop, J., van der Jeugd, H., & Loonen, M. J. J.
E. (2017). Baseline immune activity is associated with
date rather than with moult stage in the arctic-breeding barnacle
goose (branta leucopsis). In Should I stay or should I
go?: Do geese gain health benefits by migrating to the Arctic?
(pp. 43-68). Groningen: University of Groningen.
Sandström,
C., Vreman, S., Grone, A., & Loonen, M. J. J. E.
(2017). Can health status explain variation in growth rate of
young barnacle geese (branta leucopsie)? In Should I
stay or should I go?: Do geese gain health benefits by migrating to
the Arctic? (pp. 69-86). Groningen: University of
Groningen.
Sandström,
C., Prop, J., Buma, A., van der Jeugd, H., &
Loonen, M. J. J. E. (2017). Does habitat of habtuation
to humans affect innate immune activity during acute stress in
barnacle geese (branta leucopsis)? In Should I stay or
should I go?: Do geese gain health benefits by migrating to the
Arctic? (pp. 87-114). Groningen: University of
Groningen.
Sandström,
C., Buma, A., Hoye, B. J., Prop, J., van der Jeugd,
H., Voslamber, B., ... Loonen, M. J. J. E. (2017).
Latitudinal variability in the seroprevalence of antibodies
against toxoplasma gondii in non-migrant and arctic migratory
geese. In Should I stay of should I go?: Do geese gain
health benefits by migrating to the Arctic? (pp. 29-42).
Groningen: University of Groningen.
Volkov,
A. E., Loonen, M. J. J. E., Volkova, E. V., &
Denisov, D. A. (2017). New data for Arctic Terns (Sterna
paradisaea) migration from White Sea (Onega Peninsula).
Ornithologia , 41, 58-68.
Bonhof,
W., Verheijen, I., & Loonen, M. J. J. E. (2017).
Uitgestorven maar nog niet veilig: hoe klimaatverandering de
mammoet bedreigt. Paleo-aktueel,
2017(28), 121-127.
2016
Moe,
B., Hanssen, S. A., Gabrielsen, G. W., & Loonen, M. J. J.
E. (2016). Fugleovervåkning ved etablering av
nytt geodesieanlegg ved Ny-Ålesund: Årsrapport for
2015. (NINA Rapport; No. 1228). Trondheim: Norsk
institutt for naturforskning.
Sandström,
C. A. M., Vreman, S., Gröne, A., & Loonen, M. J. J.
E. (2016). Health Status of Young Barnacle Geese
(Branta leucopsis) from Migratory and Sedentary Populations.
Journal of Comparative Pathology,
154(1), 65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2015.10.020
Loonen,
M. (2016). Het arctisch onderzoek aan ganzen,
steltlopers en zeevogels. In A. Buma, A. Scheepstra, &
R. Bintanja (Eds.), Door de kou bevangen: Vijftig jaar
Nederlands onderzoek in de poolgebieden (pp. 168-177).
Lelystad: MaRiSuDa.
Huiskes,
A., Loonen, M., & Rozema, J. (2016).
Terrestrisch onderzoek tijdens het vierde Internationale
Pooljaar. In A. Buma, A. Scheepstra, & R. Bintanja
(Eds.), Door de kou bevangen: Vijftig jaar Nederlands onderzoek
in de poolgebieden (pp. 182-185). Lelystad: MaRiSuDa.
2015
Singh,
S. M., Tsjui, M., Gawas-Sakhalker, P., Loonen, M. J. J.
E., & Hoshino, T. (2015). Bird feather fungi from
Svalbard Arctic. Polar Biology,
39(3), 523–532. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-01501804-y
Loonen,
M. (2015). Een onthoofde voedselpyramide. In L.
Hacquebord, E. Postma, & E. Verheul (Eds.), Met de
Zr.Ms.Zeeland op expeditie naar Jan Mayen (pp. 40-45).
Groningen: Barkhuis/University of Groningen.
Moe,
B., Hanssen, S. A., Gabrielsen, G. W., & Loonen,
M. (2015). Fugleovervåkning ved etablering av
nytt geodesieanlegg ved Ny-Ålesund: Årsrapport for
2014. (NINA Rapport ; Vol. 1140). Trondheim: Norsk
institutt for naturforskning.
van
den Brink, N., Scheiber, I., de Jong, M., Braun, A., Komdeur,
J., & Loonen, M. (2015). Mercury in
Arctic barnacle goslings in contaminated terrestrial
habitats. Poster session presented at SETAC, Barcelona,
Spain.
2014
Loonen,
M. J. J. E., Sandström, C. A. M., Prop, J., & van
der Jeugd, H. (2014). Baseline immune activity is associated
with date rather than moult stage in the arctic-breeding barnacle
goose (Branta leucopsis). PLoS ONE,
9(12), [e114812]. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114812
Loonen,
M., Fivez, L., & Meire, P. (2014). Different
mechanisms of goose influence both accelerate and retard the
decomposition process in an Arctic wetland. In
Biogeochemical cycling in wetlands. Goose influences (pp.
55). [poaper 2]
Loonen,
M., Fivez, L., Teuchies, J., Boon, N., & Meire, P.
(2014). Geese are directing the plant and microbial
communities of their arctic forage habitat. In
Biogeochemical cycling in wetlands : goose influences (pp.
35-52). [paper 1] Antwerpen: University of Antwerp.
Loonen,
M., Fivez, L., Meire, P., Janssens, I., & Boeckx, P.
(2014). Geese impact on the nitrogen cycle and especially on
the fate of litter nitrogen in Artic wetlands. In
Biogeochemical cycling in wetlands: Goose influences (pp.
81-103). [paper 3] Antwerpen: University of Antwerp.
Loonen,
M., Fivez, L., Meire, P., & Teuchies, J. (2014).
Influence of goose grazing on plant availability of
nutrients. In Biogeochemical cycling in wetlands: Goose
influences (pp. 105-113). [paper 4] Antwerpen: University of
Antwerp.
Hayashi,
K., Cooper, E. J., Loonen, M., Kishimoto-Mo, A. W.,
Motohka, T., Uchida, M., & Makatsubo, T. (2014).
Potential of Svalbard reindeer winter droppings for
emission/absorption of methane and nitrous oxide during
summer. Polar Science, 8(2),
196-206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2013.11.002
2013
Jonker,
R. M., Kraus, R. H. S., Zhang, Q., Van Hooft, P., Larsson, K., Van
der Jeugd, H. P., ... Prins, H. H. T. (2013). Genetic
consequences of breaking migratory traditions in barnacle geese
Branta leucopsis. Molecular Ecology,
22(23), 5835-5847. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.12548
Sandstrom,
C. A. M., Buma, A. G. J., Hoye, B. J., Prop, J., van
der Jeugd, H., Voslamber, B., ... Loonen, M. J. J. E.
(2013). Latitudinal variability in the seroprevalence of
antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in non-migrant and Arctic
migratory geese. Veterinary
Parasitology, 194(1), 9-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.12.027
Miedema,
S. A., & Loonen, M. (2013). Arctic Drilling:
friend or foe of the global energy system. NRG
Magazine Edition, 10, 29-31.
Weijman,
A. C. M., & Loonen, M. (2013). Plaagdieren
op Spitsbergen. Dierplagen Informatie,
16(3), 22-25.
2012
Weijers,
S., Alsos, I. G., Eidesen, P. B., Broekman, R., Loonen, M. J.
J. E., & Rozema, J. (2012). No divergence in
Cassiope tetragona: persistence of growth response along a
latitudinal temperature gradient and under multi-year experimental
warming. Annals of Botany,
110(3), 653-665. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcs123
Jonker,
R. M., Zhang, Q., Van Hooft, P., Loonen, M. J. J. E.,
Van der Jeugd, H. P., Crooijmans, R. P. M. A., ... Kraus, R. H. S.
(2012). The Development of a Genome Wide SNP Set for the
Barnacle Goose Branta leucopsis. PLoS
ONE, 7(7), [e38412]. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0038412
Loonen,
M. (2012). Netherlands Arctic Station. In K.
Elger, T. Opel, E. Topp-Jorgensen, & M. Rasch (Eds.),
INTERACT Station catalogue (pp. 152)
2011
Sjoegersten,
S., van der Wal, R., Loonen, M. J. J. E., &
Woodin, S. J. (2011). Recovery of ecosystem carbon fluxes and
storage from herbivory.
Biogeochemistry, 106(3), 357-370. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-010-9516-4
Dolnik,
O. V., Metzger, B. J., & Loonen, M. J. J. E.
(2011). Keeping the clock set under the midnight sun: diurnal
periodicity and synchrony of avian Isospora parasites cycle in the
High Arctic. Parasitology,
138(9), 1077-1081. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182011000795
Stech,
M., Kolvoort, E., Loonen, M. J. J. E., Vrieling, K.,
& Kruijer, J. D. (2011). Bryophyte DNA sequences from
faeces of an arctic herbivore, barnacle goose (Branta
leucopsis). Molecular Ecology
Resources, 11(2), 404-408. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02938.x
Hahn,
S., Loonen, M. J. J. E., & Klaassen, M. (2011).
The reliance on distant resources for egg formation in high
Arctic breeding barnacle geese Branta leucopsis.
Journal of Avian Biology, 42(2),
159-168. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-048X.2010.05189.x
Gauthier,
G., Abraham, K. F., Doiron, M., Edwards, K. A., Horrigan, E. J.,
Lévesque, E., ... Rockwell, R. F. (2011). Geese.
In ArcticWOLVES: Arctic Wildlife Observatories Linking
Vulnerable EcoSystems: Final synthesis report (pp. 54-65).
Centre d'etudes nordiques, Universite Laval, Quebec.
2010
Sjogersten,
S., Kuijper, D. P. J., van der Wal, R., Loonen, M. J. J.
E., Huiskes, A. H. L., & Woodin, S. J. (2010).
Nitrogen transfer between herbivores and their forage
species. Polar Biology,
33(9), 1195-1203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-010-0809-9
Fox,
A. D., Ebbinge, B. S., Mitchell, C., Heinicke, T., Aarvak, T.,
Colhoun, K., ... der Van Jeugd, H. (2010). Current estimates
of goose population sizes in western Europe, a gap analysis and
assessment of trends. Ornis svecica,
20, 115 - 127.
Coulson,
S., Gabrielsen, G. W., Hübner, C. E., & Loonen, M.
J. J. E. (2010). Terrestrial ecosystem, a flagship
program for Ny-Ålesund. Concluding document from workshop 6-8
May 2009. Svalbard Science Forum. Brief Report Norwegian Polar
Institute 20. In Host Publication (pp. 1 -
42)
Hubner,
C. E., Tombre, I. M., Griffin, L. R., Loonen, M. J. J.
E., Shimmings, P., & Jonsdottir, I. S. (2010). The
connectivity of spring stopover sites for geese heading to arctic
breeding grounds. Ardea,
98(2), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.5253/078.098.0203
2009
Kuijper,
D. P. J., Ubels, R., & Loonen, M. J. J.
E. (2009). Density-dependent switches in diet: a
likely mechanism for negative feedbacks on goose population
increase? Polar Biology,
32(12), 1789-1803. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-009-0678-2
van
Liere, D. W., van Eekeren, N. W. M., & Loonen, M. J. J.
E. (2009). Feeding preferences in Greylag Geese and
the effect of activated charcoal. Journal of
Wildlife Managament, 73, 924 - 931.
Loonen,
M. J. J. E. (2009). Review: Eichhorn, G. 2008. Travels
in a changing world. Ph.D. thesis University of Groningen.
Ardea, 97, 389 - 390.
2008
Bos,
D., Loonen, M. J. J. E., & Bakker, J.
P. (2008). Fertilization of Coastal Grasslands and
Capacity for Accommodating Geese.
Vogelwelt, 129, 141-146.
Loonen,
M. J. J. E. (2008). Linnaeus as biologist. The
importance and limitations of Linnaean Systematics in
biology. Tijdschrift voor
Skandinavistiek, 29(1-2), 145 - 152.
2007
Prestrud,
K. W., Asbakk, K., Fuglei, E., Mork, T., Stien, A., Ropstad, E.,
... Oksanen, A. (2007). Serosurvey for Toxoplasma gondii in
arctic foxes and possible sources of infection in the high Arctic
of Svalbard. Veterinary Parasitology,
150(1-2), 6-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.09.006
Dolnik,
O. V., & Loonen, M. J. J. E. (2007).
Isospora plectrophenaxia n. sp (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae), a
new coccidian parasite found in Snow Bunting (Plectrophenax
nivalis) nestlings on Spitsbergen. Parasitology
Research, 101(6), 1617-1619. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-007-0703-8
Van
Geest, G. J., Hessen, D. O., Spierenburg, P., Dahl-Hansen, G. A.
P., Christensen, G., Faerovig, P. J., ... Van Donk, E. (2007).
Goose-mediated nutrient enrichment and planktonic grazer
control in arctic freshwater ponds.
Oecologia, 153(3), 653-662. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-007-0770-7
Loonen,
M. J. J. E., Zöckler, C., & Ebbinge, B. (2007).
Goose populations. In Arctic Report Card 2007
Washington: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
2006
Kuijper,
D. P. J., Bakker, J. P., Cooper, E. J., Ubels,
R., Jónsdóttir, I. S., & Loonen, M. J.
J. E. (2006). Intensive grazing by Barnacle geese
depletes High Arctic seed bank. Canadian Journal
of Botany, 84(6), 995-1004. https://doi.org/10.1139/B06-052
O'Connel,
M. J., Huiskes, A. H. L., Loonen, M. J. J. E., Madsen,
J., Klaassen, M., & Rounsevell, M. (2006). Developing an
integrated approach to understanding the effects of climate change
and other environmental alterations at a flyway level. In G.
C. Boere, C. A. Galbraith, & D. A. Stroud (Eds.),
Waterbirds around the world (pp. 385-397). Edinburgh: The
Stationary Office.
Loonen,
M. J. J. E. (2006). Grenzen verleggen. In J. W.
Veluwenkamp, L. Hacquebord, & N. Boschman (Eds.), Het topje
van de ijsberg. 35 jaar Arctisch Centrum (1970-2005) (pp. 97 -
101). Groningen: Barkhuis Publishing.
2005
Cope,
DR., Loonen, MJJE., Rowcliffe, JM., & Pettifor,
RA. (2005). Larger barnacle geese (Branta leucopsis) are more
efficient feeders: a possible mechanism for observed body
size-fitness relationships. Journal of
Zoology, 265, 37-42. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0952836904006028
Loonen,
M. J. J. E. (2005). Has habitat degradation affected
foraging behaviour and rproductive success of lesser snow geese
(Chen caerulescens caerulescens)?
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