Loonen, dr. Maarten
Maarten Loonen is poolonderzoeker. Al meer dan 25 jaar bivakkeert Loonen in het broedseizoen op Spitsbergen. Hij doet er onderzoek naar het gedrag van trekvogels en veranderingen in de leefomgeving. De polen zijn voor onderzoekers unieke gebieden. Temperatuurstijgingen en de gevolgen daarvan voor mens, dier en plant zijn hier volop zichtbaar. Loonen en andere Groningse wetenschappers bestuderen op Spitsbergen walvisvaart, mijnbouw, toerisme, ecosystemen en de gevolgen van klimaatverandering. Loonen was een van de onderzoekers van de Rijksuniversiteit Groningen die met de Koninklijke Marine in 2014 mee gingen op expeditie naar het eiland Jan Mayen. Dat was een unieke kans om naar dit geïsoleerde eiland te gaan. Een multidisciplinair onderzoeksteam heeft archeologisch en biologisch onderzoek gedaan.
Hoe klimaatverandering Spitsbergen in 30 jaar veranderde
Nederland gaat op expeditie
Word supporter van de Noordse stern!
Kennis voor een duurzame noordpool
De noordpool - Wat hebben we er te zoeken?
Overwintering Spitsbergen 1968-1969
Loonen brengt ook vliegroutes van de Noordse stern in kaart. Hij heeft daarvoor een middel ingezet dat destijds nieuw was voor universitair onderzoek: crowdfunding. Daarmee kon Loonen sternen uitrusten met een geolocator. Hij verwacht zo de veranderingen in trekpatronen te kunnen achterhalen. En omdat de vogels jaarlijks twee keer de hele aarde overbruggen hoopt hij ook een beter zicht te krijgen op de ecologische veranderingen die wereldwijd plaatsvinden.
In 2015 ging Loonen met de grootste Nederlandse poolexpeditie ooit naar de oostkant van Spitsbergen, een project waar hij initiatiefnemer van was en dat landelijk zeer veel (media-)aandacht heeft getrokken. De expeditie is in 2022 herhaald.
Video
- 'We hadden niet gedacht dat het zo snel verandert' (reportage NOS)
- Diverse video's
Eerder in het nieuws
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Gegrepen door gans en klimaat. Artikel in DvhN, deel 1 en deel 2
2025
Lameris,
T. K., Boom, M. P., Nuijten, R. J. M., Buitendijk, N. H.,
Eichhorn, G., Ens, B. J., Exo, K. M., Glazov, P. M., Hanssen, S.
A., Hunke, P., van der Jeugd, H. P., de Jong, M. E.,
Kölzsch, A., Kondratyev, A., Kruckenberg, H., Kulikova, O.,
Linssen, H., Loonen, M. J. J. E., Loshchagina, J. A.,
... van Bemmelen, R. S. A. (2025). Migratory birds advance
spring arrival and egg-laying in the Arctic, mostly by travelling
faster. Global Change Biology,
31(4), Article e70158. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70158
Skyllas,
N., Verhoeven, M., Loonen, M. J. J. E.,
& Bintanja, R. (2025). Simulating and Analysing
Seabird Flyways: An Approach Combining Least-Cost Path Modelling
and Machine learning. Global Ecology and
Biogeography, 34(2), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70016
2024
Christiansen,
H. H., Matero, I. S. O., Baddeley, L., Holmén, K., Hoppe, C.
J. M., Loonen, M. J. J. E., Storvold, R., Vitale, V.,
Zaborska, A., & Lihavainen, H. (2024). Developing the
Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System (SIOS).
Earth System Dynamics, 15(4),
933-946. https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-15-933-2024
Malta,
I., Geiger, J., & Loonen, M. J. J.
E. (2024). Engaging Strategies for Environmental
Education: A Case Study on Extended Reality to Learn about Climate
Change. Abstract from Communicating
Sustainabilities.
Ruiz
Puerta, E., Jarrett, G., McCarthy, M. L., en Pan, S.,
Keighley, X., Aiken, M., Zampirolo, G., Loonen, M. J. J.
E., Gotfredsen, A. B., Howse, L. R., Szpak, P.,
Pálsson, S., Rufolo, S., Malmquist, H. J., Desjardins,
S., Olsen, M. T., & Jordan, P. (2024). Greenland
Norse walrus exploitation deep into the Arctic.
Science Advances, 10(39), Article
eadq4127. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adq4127
Magnusson,
R. I., Schuring, S., Hamm, A., Verhoeven, M., Limpens, J.,
Loonen, M. J. J. E., & Lang, S. I. (2024). Limited
sensitivity of permafrost soils to heavy rainfall across Svalbard
ecosystems. The Science of the Total
Environment, 943, Article 173696. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173696
Beaulieu,
A., Cengiz, E., Cordero Carrasco,
R., Eren, S., Feron, S., Ficozzi,
M., Garzon-López, C., Hobbis, S., Howison,
R., Kraamwinkel, C., Loonen, M. J. J.
E., Miedema, M., & Rodighiero,
D. (2024). Liveable Futures: A guiding concept for
knowledge infrastructures. EASST
Review, 43(1). https://easst.net/easst-review/43-1/liveable-futures-a-guiding-concept-for-knowledge-infrastructures/
Bartra-Cabré,
L., Hansen, B. B., Lee, A. M., Layton-Matthews, K., Loonen,
M. J. J. E., Fuglei, E., Loe, L. E., & Grøtan, V.
(2024). The role of indirect interspecific effects in the
stochastic dynamics of a simple trophic system.
Journal of Animal Ecology, 93(12),
1896-1909. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.14198
2023
Skyllas,
N., Loonen, M. J. J. E., & Bintanja,
R. (2023). Arctic tern flyways and the changing
Atlantic Ocean wind patterns. Climate Change
Ecology, 6, Article 100076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecochg.2023.100076
Layton-Matthews,
K., Vriend, S. J. G., Grøtan, V., Loonen, M. J. J.
E., Sæther, B. E., Fuglei, E., & Hansen, B. B.
(2023). Author Correction: Extreme events, trophic chain
reactions, and shifts in phenotypic selection (Scientific Reports,
(2023), 13, 1, (15181), 10.1038/s41598-023-41940-6).
Scientific Reports, 13(1), Article
16394. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-43603-y
Jensen,
T. C., Schartau, A. K., Majaneva, M., Veraart, A. J., Hessen, D.,
Eiler, A., Loonen, M. J. J. E., & Skjelbred, B.
(2023). Bird impacts on biological communitis in Arctic
ponds. Poster session presented at Svalbard Science
Conference 2023, Oslo, Norway.
Layton-Matthews,
K., Vriend, S. J. G., Grøtan, V., Loonen, M. J. J.
E., Sæther, B.-E., Fuglei, E., & Hansen, B. B.
(2023). Extreme events, trophic chain reactions, and shifts
in phenotypic selection. Scientific
Reports, 13, Article 15181. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-41940-6
Petit
Bon, M., Hansen, B. B., Loonen, M. J. J. E.,
Petraglia, A., Bråthen, K. A., Böhner, H.,
Layton-Matthews, K., Beard, K. H., Le Moullec, M.,
Jónsdóttir, I. S., & van der Wal, R. (2023).
Long-term herbivore removal experiments reveal how geese and
reindeer shape vegetation and ecosystem CO2-fluxes in high-Arctic
tundra. Journal of Ecology,
111(12), 2627-2642. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.14200
Han,
B., van den Berg, H., Loonen, M. J. J. E., Mateo, R.,
& Brink, N. W. V. D. (2023). Mercury-Modulated Immune
Responses in Arctic Barnacle Goslings (Branta leucopsis) upon a
Viral-Like Immune Challenge. Environmental Science
and Technology, 57(13), 5337-5348. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c07622
2022
Loonen,
M. J. J. E. (2022). Arctic fox predation on a
barnacle goose population. Paper presented at Arctic
Fox Conference, Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway.
Mann,
H. M. R., Iosifidis, A., Jepsen, J. U., Welker, J. M.,
Loonen, M. J. J. E., & Høye, T. T. (2022).
Automatic flower detection and phenology monitoring using
time-lapse cameras and deep learning. Remote
Sensing in Ecology and Conservation, 8(6),
765-777. https://doi.org/10.1002/rse2.275
Pedersen,
Å. Ø., Convey, P., Newsham, K. K., Mosbacher, J. B.,
Fuglei, E., Ravolainen, V., Hansen, B. B., Jensen, T. C., Augusti,
A., Biersma, E. M., Cooper, E. J., Coulson, S. J., Gabrielsen, G.
W., Gallet, J. C., Karsten, U., Kristiansen, S. M., Svenning, M.
M., Tveit, A. T., Uchida, M., ... Loonen, M. J. J. E.
(2022). Five decades of terrestrial and freshwater research
at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard. Polar
Research, 41, Article 6310. https://doi.org/10.33265/polar.v41.6310
Speelman,
F., Hammers, M., Loonen, M. J. J.
E., & Komdeur, J. (2022). Nest
defence behaviour is similar between pair members but only male
behaviour predicts nest survival in barnacle geese.
Journal of Avian Biology, 2022(9),
Article e02982. https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.02982
2021
van
den Berg, M., Loonen, M. J. J. E., &
Çakırlar, C. (2021). Judging a reindeer by
its teeth: A user-friendly tooth wear and eruption pattern
recording scheme to estimate age-at-death in reindeer (Rangifer
tarandus). International Journal of
Osteoarchaeology, 31(3), 417-428. https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.2961
de
Jong, M. E., Nicolaus, M., Fokkema, R.
W., & Loonen, M. J. J. E. (2021).
State dependence explains individual variation in nest
defence behaviour in a long-lived bird. Journal of
Animal Ecology, 90(4), 809-819. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13411
2020
Layton-Matthews,
K., Grøtan, V., Hansen, B. B., Loonen, M. J. J.
E., Fuglei, E., & Childs, D. Z. (2021).
Environmental change reduces body condition, but not
population growth, in a high-arctic herbivore.
Ecology Letters, 24(2), 227-238. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13634
Fjelldal,
M. A., Layton-Matthews, K., Lee, A. M., Grotan, V., Loonen,
M. J. J. E., & Hansen, B. B. (2020). High-Arctic
family planning: Earlier spring onset advances age at first
reproduction in barnacle geese. Biology
Letters, 16(4), Article 20200075. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2020.0075
Kankaanpaa,
T., Vesterinen, E., Hardwick, B., Schmidt, N. M., Andersson, T.,
Aspholm, P. E., Barrio, I. C., Beckers, N., Bety, J., Birkemoe, T.,
DeSiervo, M., Drotos, K. H., Ehrich, D., Gilg, O., Gilg, V., Hein,
N., Hoye, T. T., Jakobsen, K. M., Jodouin, C., ... Roslin, T.
(2020). Parasitoids indicate major climate-induced shifts in
arctic communities. Global Change
Biology, 26(11), 6276-6295. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15297
2019
Layton-Matthews,
K., Hansen, B. B., Grotan, V., Fuglei, E., & Loonen, M.
J. J. E. (2020). Contrasting consequences of climate
change for migratory geese: Predation, density dependence and
carryover effects offset benefits of high-arctic warming.
Global Change Biology, 26(2),
642-657. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14773
Lameris,
T. K., de Jong, M. E., Boom, M. P., van der Jeugd, H.
P., Litvin, K. E., Loonen, M. J. J. E., Nolet, B. A.,
& Prop, J. (2019). Climate warming may affect the optimal
timing of reproduction for migratory geese differently in the low
and high Arctic. Oecologia,
191(4), 1003-1014. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-019-04533-7
Layton-Matthews,
K., Loonen, M. J. J. E., Hansen, B. B., Coste, C. F.
D., Saether, B.-E., & Grotan, V. (2019).
Density-dependent population dynamics of a high Arctic
capital breeder, the barnacle goose. Journal of
Animal Ecology, 88(8), 1191-1201. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13001
de
Jong, M. E., Wetherbee, R., & Loonen, M. J. J.
E. (2019). Effects of fleas on nest success of Arctic
barnacle geese: experimentally testing the mechanism.
Journal of Avian Biology, 50(5),
Article 01944. https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.01944
Tiusanen,
M., Huotari, T., Hebert, P. D. N., Loonen, M. J. J.
E., & Roslin, T. (2019). Flower-visitor
communities of an arcto-alpine plant — Global patterns in
species richness, phylogenetic diversity and ecological
functioning. Molecular Ecology,
28(2), 318-335. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.14932
Hitchcock,
D. J., Andersen, T., Varpe, O., Loonen, M. J. J. E.,
Warner, N. A., Herzke, D., Tombre, I. M., Griffin, L. R.,
Shimmings, P., & Borga, K. (2019). Potential Effect of
Migration Strategy on Pollutant Occurrence in Eggs of Arctic
Breeding Barnacle Geese (Branta leucopsis).
Environmental science & technology,
53(9), 5427-5435. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b00014
Bacon,
L., Madsen, J., Jensen, G. H., de Vries, L., Follestad, A.,
Koffijberg, K., Kruckenberg, H., Loonen, M., Mansson,
J., Nilsson, L., Voslamber, B., & Guillemain, M. (2019).
Spatio-temporal distribution of greylag goose Anser anser
resightings on the north-west/south-west European flyway: guidance
for the delineation of transboundary management units.
Wildlife biology, 2019(1), Article
00533. https://doi.org/10.2981/wlb.00533
Pedersen,
C. A., Bischof, K., Kohler, J., Krejci, R., Hudson, S.,
Loonen, M. J. J. E., & Fuglei, E. (2019).
State of the new Arctic as observed in Ny-Ålesund
Research Station. Poster session presented at Arctic
Frontiers , Tromso, Norway.
Loonen,
M., Bosscher, F., Vastenhoud, H., Zanting, L., van Bodegom,
R., Steenhuisen, F., Dresscher, S.,
Rooke, W., & de Vries, K. (2019). Veranderingen in een
17de eeuws grafveld op Spitsbergen door dooiende permafrost.
Paleo-aktueel, (30), 119-126. https://doi.org/10.21827/pa.30.119-126
2018
Moe,
B., Hanssen, S. A., Gabrielsen, G. W., & Loonen, M. J. J.
E. (2018). Fugleovervåkning ved etablering av
nytt geodesianlegg ved Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard: Årsrapport
for 2017. (NINArapport; No. 1465). Norsk institutt for
naturforskning.
van
den Brink, N. W., Scheiber, I. B. R., de Jong, M. E.,
Braun, A., Arini, A., Basu, N., van den Berg, H., Komdeur,
J., & Loonen, M. J. J. E. (2018).
Mercury associated neurochemical response in Arctic barnacle
goslings (Branta leucopsis). Science of the
Total Environment, 624, 1052-1058. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.191
Hitchcock,
D. J., Loonen, M. J. J. E., Andersen, T., &
Borgå, K. (2018). Migration effects on pollutants in
eggs of Arctic breeding geese. Poster session presented
at SETAC, Rome, Italy.
Loonen,
M. J. J. E. (2018). Ny-Ålesund Research
Station in Svalbard, Norway - a home for international research
collaboration. Poster session presented at Polar2018,
Davos, Switzerland.
Hayashi,
K., Tanabe, Y., Ono, K., Loonen, M. J. J. E., Asano,
M., Fujitani, H., Tokida, T., Uchida, M., & Hayatsu, M. (2018).
Seabird-affected taluses are denitrification hotspots and
potential N2O emitters in the High Arctic.
Scientific Reports, 8, Article
17261. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-35669-w
Scheiber,
I. B. R., Weiß, B. M., de Jong, M. E., Braun, A.,
van den Brink, N. W., Loonen, M. J. J. E., Millesi,
E., & Komdeur, J. (2018). Stress behaviour
and physiology of developing Arctic barnacle goslings (Branta
leucopsis) is affected by legacy trace contaminants.
Proceedings of the Royal Society B,
285(1893), Article 20181866. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1866
Loonen,
M. J. J. E., Bij de Vaate, I., Hoek, W. Z., &
Wagner-Cremer, F. (2018). Svalbard ecosystems under
pressure through climate and goose grazing: Proxy development for
goose impact based on phytoliths. Poster session
presented at Nederlands Aardwetenschappelijk Congres, Veldhoven,
Netherlands.
2017
Buij,
R., Melman, T. C. P., Loonen, M. J. J. E., & Fox,
A. D. (2017). Balancing ecosystem function, services and
disservices resulting from expanding goose populations.
Ambio, 46 (Suppl. 2), S301-S318. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-017-0902-1
Sandström,
C., Prop, J., van der Jeugd, H., & Loonen, M. J. J.
E. (2017). Baseline immune activity is associated with
date rather than with moult stage in the arctic-breeding barnacle
goose (branta leucopsis). In Should I stay or should I
go?: Do geese gain health benefits by migrating to the Arctic?
(pp. 43-68). University of Groningen.
Sandström,
C., Vreman, S., Grone, A., & Loonen, M. J. J. E.
(2017). Can health status explain variation in growth rate of
young barnacle geese (branta leucopsie)? In Should I
stay or should I go?: Do geese gain health benefits by migrating to
the Arctic? (pp. 69-86). University of Groningen.
Layton-Matthews,
K., Grotan, V., Hansen, B. B., & Loonen, M. J. J.
E. (2017). Density dependence in an aging and
declining population of high arctic geese. Poster
session presented at Norwegian Ecological Society, Oslo,
Norway.
Scheiber,
I., de Jong, M., Komdeur, J., Pschernig,
E., Loonen, M. J. J. E., Millesi, E., & Weiss, B.
M. (2017). Diel pattern of corticosterone metabolites in
Arctic barnacle goslings (Branta leucopsis) under continuous
natural light. PLoS ONE,
12(8), Article e0182861. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182861
Sandström,
C., Prop, J., Buma, A., van der Jeugd, H., &
Loonen, M. J. J. E. (2017). Does habitat of habtuation
to humans affect innate immune activity during acute stress in
barnacle geese (branta leucopsis)? In Should I stay or
should I go?: Do geese gain health benefits by migrating to the
Arctic? (pp. 87-114). University of Groningen.
de
Jong, M., Scheiber, I. B. R., Brink, N. W. V. D., Braun, A.,
Matson, K., Komdeur, J., & Loonen, M. J. J.
E. (2017). Indices of stress and immune function in
Arctic barnacle goslings (Branta leucopsis) were impacted by
social isolation but not a contaminated grazing environment.
Science of the Total Environment,
601, 132-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.183
Sandström,
C., Buma, A., Hoye, B. J., Prop, J., van der Jeugd,
H., Voslamber, B., Madsen, J., & Loonen, M. J. J.
E. (2017). Latitudinal variability in the
seroprevalence of antibodies against toxoplasma gondii in
non-migrant and arctic migratory geese. In Should I stay
of should I go?: Do geese gain health benefits by migrating to the
Arctic? (pp. 29-42). University of Groningen.
Loonen,
M. J. J. E., Hitchcock, D., Warner, N., Herzke, D.,
Andersen, T., Tombre, I. M., Shimmings, P., Griffin, L. R., Varpe,
Ø., & Borgå, K. (2017). Migration effects
on pollutants in eggs of arctic-breeding geese.. Poster
session presented at 16th international conference on chemistry and
the environmental icce2017.org, Norway.
Volkov,
A. E., Loonen, M. J. J. E., Volkova, E. V., &
Denisov, D. A. (2017). New data for Arctic Terns (Sterna
paradisaea) migration from White Sea (Onega Peninsula).
Ornithologia , 41, 58-68.
Loonen,
M. J. J. E., de Goede, E., Bartholomeus, H., Soudzilovskaia,
N. A., Kooistra, L., & van Bodegom, P. (2017). Remote
sensing (sub-) Arctic Functional Diversity. Poster
session presented at Svalbard Science Conference, Oslo,
Norway.
Bonhof,
W., Verheijen, I., & Loonen, M. J. J. E. (2017).
Uitgestorven maar nog niet veilig: hoe klimaatverandering de
mammoet bedreigt. Paleo-aktueel,
2017(28), 121-127.
Loonen,
M. J. J. E., Hayashi, K., Tanabe, Y., Ono, K., Uchida, M.,
Tago, K., & Hayatsu, M. (2017). Very higt
nitrification and denitrification potentials of soils on the talus
under a kittiwake-cliff in Ny-Ålesund. Poster
session presented at Svalbard symposium, Oslo, Norway.
2016
Moe,
B., Hanssen, S. A., Gabrielsen, G. W., & Loonen, M. J. J.
E. (2016). Fugleovervåkning ved etablering av
nytt geodesieanlegg ved Ny-Ålesund: Årsrapport for
2015. (NINA Rapport; No. 1228). Norsk institutt for
naturforskning.
Sandström,
C. A. M., Vreman, S., Gröne, A., & Loonen, M. J. J.
E. (2016). Health Status of Young Barnacle Geese
(Branta leucopsis) from Migratory and Sedentary Populations.
Journal of Comparative Pathology,
154(1), 65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2015.10.020
Loonen,
M. (2016). Het arctisch onderzoek aan ganzen,
steltlopers en zeevogels. In A. Buma, A. Scheepstra, &
R. Bintanja (Eds.), Door de kou bevangen: Vijftig jaar
Nederlands onderzoek in de poolgebieden (pp. 168-177).
MaRiSuDa.
Huiskes,
A., Loonen, M., & Rozema, J. (2016).
Terrestrisch onderzoek tijdens het vierde Internationale
Pooljaar. In A. Buma, A. Scheepstra, & R. Bintanja
(Eds.), Door de kou bevangen: Vijftig jaar Nederlands onderzoek
in de poolgebieden (pp. 182-185). MaRiSuDa.
2015
Singh,
S. M., Tsjui, M., Gawas-Sakhalker, P., Loonen, M. J. J.
E., & Hoshino, T. (2015). Bird feather fungi from
Svalbard Arctic. Polar Biology,
39(3), 523–532. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-015-1804-y
Loonen,
M. (2015). Een onthoofde voedselpyramide. In L.
Hacquebord, E. Postma, & E. Verheul (Eds.), Met de
Zr.Ms.Zeeland op expeditie naar Jan Mayen (pp. 40-45).
Barkhuis/University of Groningen.
Moe,
B., Hanssen, S. A., Gabrielsen, G. W., & Loonen,
M. (2015). Fugleovervåkning ved etablering av
nytt geodesieanlegg ved Ny-Ålesund: Årsrapport for
2014. (NINA Rapport ; Vol. 1140). Norsk institutt for
naturforskning.
van
den Brink, N., Scheiber, I., de Jong, M., Braun, A.,
Komdeur, J., & Loonen, M. (2015).
Mercury in Arctic barnacle goslings in contaminated
terrestrial habitats. Poster session presented at
SETAC, Barcelona, Spain.
2014
Loonen,
M. J. J. E., Sandström, C. A. M., Prop, J., & van
der Jeugd, H. (2014). Baseline immune activity is associated
with date rather than moult stage in the arctic-breeding barnacle
goose (Branta leucopsis). PLoS ONE,
9(12), Article e114812. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114812
Loonen,
M., Fivez, L., & Meire, P. (2014). Different
mechanisms of goose influence both accelerate and retard the
decomposition process in an Arctic wetland. In
Biogeochemical cycling in wetlands. Goose influences (pp.
55). Article poaper 2
Loonen,
M., Fivez, L., Teuchies, J., Boon, N., & Meire, P.
(2014). Geese are directing the plant and microbial
communities of their arctic forage habitat. In
Biogeochemical cycling in wetlands : goose influences (pp.
35-52). Article paper 1 University of Antwerp.
Loonen,
M., Fivez, L., Meire, P., Janssens, I., & Boeckx, P.
(2014). Geese impact on the nitrogen cycle and especially on
the fate of litter nitrogen in Artic wetlands. In
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