Hybrid nanozymes for oral biofilm control
Hybrid nanozymes for oral biofilm control
The excessive use of antibiotics drives the evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and forms an increasing threat to our ability to treat bacterial infection. Antimicrobial-resistant bacterial infections increase morbidity and mortality, inflict high costs to the healthcare system, cause major economic losses and are predicted to become the number one cause of death by the year 2050.
Therefore we reviewed whether existing resistance can be circumvented or reversed, and how resistance development can be prevented. For solving the antibiotic resistant problem, nanotechnology-based, non-antibiotic infection-control strategies offer great promise. In this thesis of Tianrong Yu we have developed new strategies based on hybrid nanozymes to control bacterial infections.
Manganese-oxide nanosheets loaded with Pt single-atoms or differently-sized nanoparticles were compared for oxidase and peroxidase activities. Manganese-oxide nanosheets with Pt single-atoms or 3.0 nm diameter Pt nanoparticles possessed a similarly high catalytic peroxidase activity, consistent with their strong biofilm-eradicating effects. As a more biocompatible nanozyme, 3 nm Pt nanoparticles were loaded onto bismuth selenide nanosheets for treating ex vivo oral biofilms. It selectively kills pathogens in the oral biofilm without harming soft tissue cells. A “biosafe, microbiome-restorative” region was identified around 0.5/0.9 mM (hydrogen peroxide/nanozyme). Comparing the manganese-oxide and bismuth selenide nanosheets loaded with 3 nm Pt nanoparticles showed that the bismuth selenide nanosheets had faster electron transfer and stronger peroxide conversion, yielding a superior biofilm removal. For clinical translation further biocompatibility and targeting studies are necessary.