The nucleus basalis of Meynert
The nucleus basalis of Meynert
Parkinson’s disease is often known as a movement disorder that causes symptoms such as tremor, slowness of movement, and stiffness. However, many people with Parkinson’s disease also develop problems with memory, attention, and thinking. These cognitive problems can have a major impact on daily life and independence. Unfortunately, current treatments for cognitive symptoms are limited.
This thesis of Muhammad Nazmuddin focuses on a brain region called the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM), which produces acetylcholine, a chemical messenger that is important for memory, attention, and learning. Previous studies have shown that this region is damaged in many people with Parkinson’s disease. Therefore, stimulation of the NBM using deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been proposed as a possible treatment for cognitive decline.
The aim of this thesis was to better understand the NBM and to identify which patients may benefit most from NBM-DBS. Using brain recordings and advanced brain imaging techniques, we showed that the NBM has unique electrical and network characteristics and that damage to its connections is associated with walking difficulties and other symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. We also found evidence that different subtypes of Parkinson’s disease may show different degrees of NBM degeneration.
In addition, we reviewed previous studies on NBM stimulation and identified several reasons why clinical results have been inconsistent. To address these challenges, we developed a monkey model with selective damage to the cholinergic system, which may help improve future DBS research.
Overall, this thesis contributes to the development of more personalized treatments for cognitive problems in Parkinson’s disease and provides important insights for future research on NBM-DBS.