Timmer, Prof. Marcel
Marcel Timmer is Professor of Economic Growth and Development at the University of Groningen. He studies international production chains and their effects, including inequality in collaboration with organizations such as the World Trade Organization, the World Bank and the OECD. Timmer was awarded a Vici grant by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) for his research on the consequences of changes in world trade. Timmer: ‘Increasing income inequality is one of the greatest social challenges of our time. This research aims to map the causes of this growing inequality, so that we can formulate better policies to counter the undesirable consequences of fragmented world trade in the future.’
Timmer has been a consultant and advisor for various organizations including the OECD, the World Bank, Japanese Ministry of Economics, Trade and Industry (METI), Asian Development Bank and Statistics Netherlands.
Previously in the news
- ‘De politicus die banen wil terughalen, krijgt robots’ [Politician who is trying to get jobs back is given robots, article in Dutch]
- VICI grant for Prof. Marcel Timmer
- Stagnating global trade partly caused by decreased fragmentation of production chains
- 0.5 million in EU subsidies for research: do banks encourage or restrain economic growth?
2022
Inklaar,
R., Marapin, R., Woltjer,
J., & Timmer, M. (2022).
Inconsistencies in Cross-Country Price Comparisons over Time:
Patterns and Facts. In D. Chotikapanich, A. Rambaldi, &
N. Rohde (Eds.), Advances in Economic Measurement: A Volume in
Honour of D. S. Prasada Rao (pp. 633–663). Palgrave
MacMillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2023-3_13
Pahl,
S., Timmer, M. P., Gouma, R., &
Woltjer, P. J. (2022). Jobs and Productivity Growth in
Global Value Chains: New Evidence for Twenty-five Low- and
Middle-Income Countries. World Bank Economic
Review, 36(3), 670–686. https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhac003
Buckley,
P., Strange, R., Timmer, M., & de Vries,
G. (2022). Rent appropriation in global value chains:
the past, present and future of intangible assets.
Global Strategy Journal, 12(4),
679-696. https://doi.org/10.1002/gsj.1438
2021
Timmer,
M. P., Los, B., Stehrer, R., & de
Vries, G. J. (2021). Correction to: Supply Chain
Fragmentation and the Global Trade Elasticity: A New Accounting
Framework (IMF Economic Review, (2021),
10.1057/s41308-021-00134-8). IMF Economic
Review, 69, 681. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41308-021-00139-3
Chen,
W., Los, B., & Timmer, M. (2021).
Factor Incomes in Global Value Chains: The Role of
Intangibles. In C. Corrado, J. Haskel, J. Miranda, & D.
Sichel (Eds.), Measuring and Accounting for Innovation in the
Twenty-First Century (pp. 373-401). University of Chicago
Press.
Reijnders,
L. S. M., Timmer, M. P., & Ye, X.
(2021). Labour demand in global value chains: Is there a bias
against unskilled work? World Economy,
44(9), 2547-2571. https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.13092
Timmer,
M. P., Los, B., Stehrer, R., & de
Vries, G. J. (2021). Supply Chain Fragmentation and
the Global Trade Elasticity: A New Accounting Framework.
IMF Economic Review, 69,
656–680. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41308-021-00134-8
2020
Timmer,
M., & Ye, X. (2020). Accounting for
growth and productivity in global value chains. In B.
Fraumeni (Ed.), Measuring Economic Growth and Productivity:
Foundations, KLEMS Production Models, and Extensions (pp.
413-426). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-817596-5.00018-4
Buckley,
P. J., Strange, R., Timmer, M. P., & de
Vries, G. J. (2020). Catching-up in the global
factory: Analysis and policy implications. Journal
of International Business Policy, 3(2),
79-106. https://doi.org/10.1057/s42214-020-00047-9
2019
Pahl,
S., & Timmer, M. P. (2020). Do Global
Value Chains Enhance Economic Upgrading? A Long View.
Journal of Development Studies,
56(9), 1683-1705. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2019.1702159
Pahl,
S., Timmer, M. P., Gouma,
R., & Woltjer, P. J. (2019). Jobs
in Global Value Chains: New Evidence for Four African Countries in
International Perspective. The World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/334531564600910227/pdf/Jobs-in-Global-Value-Chains-New-Evidence-for-Four-African-Countries-in-International-Perspective.pdf
Pahl,
S., & Timmer, M. P. (2019). Patterns
of vertical specialisation in trade: long-run evidence for 91
countries. Review of World Economics,
155(3), 459-486. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10290-019-00352-3
Pahl,
S., & Timmer, M. P. (2019).
Patterns of Vertical Specialisation in Trade: Long-run
Evidence for 91 Countries. (GGDC Research Memoranda;
Vol. GD-182).
2018
Timmer,
M. P., Miroudot, S., & de Vries, G. J.
(2019). Functional specialisation in trade.
Journal of Economic Geography,
19(1), 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lby056
Pahl,
S., & Timmer, M. P. (2018). Do
Global Value Chains Enhance Economic Upgrading? A Long
View. (GGDC Research Memoranda; Vol. GD-181). GGDC. https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/html_publications/memorandum/gd181.pdf
Chen,
W., Los, B., & Timmer, M. (2018).
Factor Incomes in Global Value Chains: The Role of
Intangibles. (NBER Working Paper; No. 25242). NBER. https://doi.org/10.3386/w25242
Los,
B., & Timmer, M. (2018).
Measuring Bilateral Exports of Value Added: A Unified
Framework. NBER. https://www.nber.org/papers/w24896
Timmer,
M., & Ye, X. (2018). Productivity and
Substitution Patterns in Global Value Chains. In E.
Grifell-Tatjé, C. A. Knox Lovell, & R. C. Sickles (Eds.),
The Oxford Handbook of Productivity Analysis Oxford
University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190226718.013.21
IJtsma,
P., Levell, P., Los, B., & Timmer, M.
P. (2018). The UK's Participation in Global Value
Chains and Its Implications for Post-Brexit Trade Policy.
Fiscal Studies, 39(4), 651-683. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-5890.12176
Cavallo,
A., Diewert, W. E., Feenstra, R. C., Inklaar,
R., & Timmer, M. (2018). Using Online
Prices for Measuring Real Consumption across Countries.
AEA Papers and Proceedings, 108,
483-487. https://doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20181037
2017
Timmer,
M. (2017). Productivity Measurement in Global Value
Chains. International Productivity
Monitor, 33.
2016
Inklaar,
R., Lashitew, A. A., & Timmer, M. P.
(2017). THE ROLE OF RESOURCE MISALLOCATION IN CROSS-COUNTRY
DIFFERENCES IN MANUFACTURING PRODUCTIVITY.
Macroeconomic Dynamics, 21(3),
733-756. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1365100515000668
Timmer,
M. P., Los, B., Stehrer, R., & de
Vries, G. J. (2016). An Anatomy of the Global
Trade Slowdown based on the WIOD 2016 Release. (GGDC
Research Memoranda ; No. 162). University of Groningen.
Reijnders,
L. S. M., Timmer, M., & Ye, X.
(2016). Offshoring, Biased Technical Change and Labor
Demand: New Evidence from Global Value Chains. (GGDC
Research Memoranda; Vol. GD-164). GGDC. http://www.ggdc.net/publications/memorandum/gd164.pdf
Timmer,
M., Los, B., Stehrer, R., & de Vries,
G. (2016, Nov 21). Production Fragmentation and the
Global Trade Slowdown. http://voxeu.org/article/production-fragmentation-and-global-trade-slowdown
Timmer,
M., Los, B., & de Vries, G.
(2016). The Rise of Global Manufacturing Value Chains: A New
Perspective Based on the World Input-Output Database. In D.
W. Jorgenson, K. Fukao, & M. P. Timmer (Eds.), The World
Economy: Growth or Stagnation? (pp. 535-563). Cambridge
University Press.
Jorgenson,
D. W., Timmer, M. P., & Fukao, K. (Eds.) (2016).
The World Economy: Growth or Stagnation?
Cambridge University Press.
Timmer,
M. P., Veenstra, J., & Woltjer, P. J.
(2016). The Yankees of Europe? A New View on Technology and
Productivity in German Manufacturing in the Early Twentieth
Century. Journal of Economic History,
76(3), 874-908. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022050716000760
Los,
B., Timmer, M. P., & de Vries, G.
J. (2016). Tracing Value-Added and Double Counting in
Gross Exports: Comment. American Economic
Review, 106(7), 1958-1966. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20140883
Timmer,
M. (2016). Understanding Productivity and Employment
in a Fragmenting Economy: the Global Value Chain Approach.
In P. Askenazy, L. Bellmann, A. Bryson, & E. M. Galbis (Eds.),
Productivity Puzzles in Europe Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198786160.003.0004
2015
Timmer,
M., Dietzenbacher, E., Los, B.,
Stehrer, R., & de Vries, G. (2015). An
Illustrated User Guide to the World Input-Output Database: the Case
of Global Automotive Production. Review of
International Economics, 23(3), 575-605. https://doi.org/10.1111/roie.12178
Los,
B., & Timmer, M. (2015). Appendix -
Analysis of Global Production Networks: Approaches, Concepts and
Data. In J. Amador, & F. di Mauro (Eds.), The Age of
Global Value Chains: Maps and Policy Issues (pp. 201-208).
CEPR Press. http://www.voxeu.org/sites/default/files/GVCs-ebook.pdf
de
Vries, G., Erumban, A., Timmer,
M., Voskoboynikov, I., & Wu, H. X. (2015).
Deconstructing the BRIC: Structural Transformation and
Aggregate Productivity Growth. In W. Naudé, A. Szirmai,
& N. Haraguchi (Eds.), Structural Change and Industrial
Development in the BRICS (pp. 66-90). Oxford University
Press.
Timmer,
M., & Vries, de, G. (2015). Dutch
Manufacturing Competing in Global Value Chains: Final report for
Ministry of Economic Affairs and VNO/NCW.
Los,
B., Stehrer, R., Timmer, M., & de
Vries, G. (2015). Factor Specialisation within Global
Value Chains. In J. Amador, & F. di Mauro (Eds.),
The Age of Global Value Chains: Maps and Policy Issues
(pp. 48-57). CEPR Press. http://www.voxeu.org/sites/default/files/GVCs-ebook.pdf
Los,
B., Timmer, M., & de Vries, G.
(2015). Global Value Chains: ‘Factory World’ is
Emerging. In J. Amador, & F. di Mauro (Eds.), The
Age of Global Value Chains: Maps and Policy Issues (pp.
36-47). CEPR Press. http://www.voxeu.org/sites/default/files/GVCs-ebook.pdf
Los,
B., Timmer, M. P., & de Vries, G.
J. (2015). How global are global value chains? A new
approach to measure international fragmentation.
Journal of Regional Science, 55(1),
66-92. https://doi.org/10.1111/jors.12121
Los,
B., Timmer, M. P., & de Vries, G.
J. (2015). How important are exports for job growth in
China? A demand side analysis. Journal of
Comparative Economics, 43(1), 19-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2014.11.007
Timmer,
M., Los, B., & de Vries, G.
(2015). Incomes and Jobs in Global Production of
Manufactures: New Measures of Competitiveness Based on the World
Input-Output Database. In S. N. Houseman, & M. Mandel
(Eds.), Measuring Globalization: Better Trade Statistics for
Better Policy (Vol. 2, pp. 121-163). W.E. Upjohn Institute for
Employment Research .
Timmer,
M., de Vries, G., & de Vries, K. (2015).
Patterns of structural Change in Developing Countries.
In J. Weiss, & M. Tribe (Eds.), Routledge Handbook of
Industry and Development (pp. 65-83). (Routledge Handbooks).
Routledge.
de
Vries, G. J., Timmer, M., & de Vries, K.
(2015). Structural Transformation in Africa: Static gains,
Dynamic losses. Journal of Development
Studies, 51(6), 674-688. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2014.997222
Feenstra,
R. C., Inklaar, R., & Timmer, M. P.
(2015). The Next Generation of the Penn World Table.
American Economic Review, 105(10),
3150-3182. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20130954
2014
Los,
B., Timmer, M., & de Vries, G.
(2014). De concurrentiepositie van Nederland in mondiale
waardeketens. Economisch Statistische
Berichten, 4689-4690, 432-436.
Los,
B., Timmer, M., & de Vries, G.
(2014, May 11). Global value chains: 'Factory World' is
emerging. http://voxeu.org/article/global-value-chains-and-factory-world
Timmer,
M. P., & Voskoboynikov, I. B. (2014). Is Mining
Fuelling Long-Run Growth in Russia? Industry Productivity Growth
Trends Since 1995. Review of Income and
Wealth, 60(S2), S398-S422. https://doi.org/10.1111/roiw.12132
Timmer,
M., de Vries, G., & de Vries, K. (2014).
Patterns of Structural Change in Developing
Countries. (GGDC Research Memoranda; Vol. GD-149).
GGDC.
Timmer,
M. P., Erumban, A. A., Los, B.,
Stehrer, R., & de Vries, G. J. (2014).
Slicing Up Global Value Chains. Journal of
Economic Perspectives, 28(2), 99-118. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.28.2.99
Los,
B., Timmer, M., & de Vries, G.
(2014). The Demand for Skills 1995-2008: A Global Supply
Chain Perspective. (Economics Department Working
Papers; No. 1141). OECD.
Inklaar,
R., Lashitew, A. A., & Timmer, M. P.
(2014). The Role of Resource Misallocation in
Cross-country Differences in Manufacturing
Productivity. (GGDC Working Papers; Vol. GD-143).
GGDC.
Timmer,
M. P., Dietzenbacher, E., Los, B.,
Stehrer, R., & de Vries, G. J. (2014).
The World Input-Output Database: Content, Concepts and
Applications. (GGDC Working Papers; Vol. GD-144).
GGDC.
2013
Timmer,
M. P., Los, B., Stehrer, R., & de
Vries, G. J. (2013). Fragmentation, incomes and jobs:
An analysis of European competitiveness. Economic
Policy, 28(76), 613-661. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0327.12018
Los,
B., Timmer, M., & Vries, G. J.
D. (2013). Globalization or Regionalization? A New
Approach to Measure International Fragmentation of Value
Chains. (GGDC Working Papers; Vol. GD-138). GGDC.
Timmer,
M., & Voskoboynikov, I. B. (2013). Is Mining
Fuelling Long-run Growth in Russia? Industry Productivity Growth
Trends since 1995. (GGDC Working Papers; Vol. GD-137).
GGDC.
Los,
B., Timmer, M., & Vries, G. J.
D. (2013). Made in Europe? Trends in International
Production Fragmentation. (GGDC Working Papers; Vol.
GD-131). GGDC.
Ark,
B. V., Chen, V., Colijn, B., Jaeger, K., Overmeer, W.,
& Timmer, M. (2013). Recent Changes in
Europe’s Competitive Landscape and Medium-Term Perspectives:
How the Sources of Demand and Supply Are Shaping Up.
(GGDC Working Papers; Vol. GD-134). GGDC.
Timmer,
M., Los, B., Stehrer, R., & de Vries,
G. (2013, Jun 26). Rethinking Competitiveness: The
Global Value Chain Revolution. http://www.voxeu.org/article/rethinking-competitiveness-global-value-chain-revolution
Timmer,
M., Erumban, A. A., Los, B.,
Stehrer, R., & Vries, G. J. D. (2013).
Slicing Up Global Value Chains. (GGDC Working
Papers; Vol. GD-135). GGDC.
Vries,
G. J. D., Timmer, M. P., & Vries, K. D.
(2013). Structural transformation in Africa: Static
gains, dynamic losses. (GGDC Working Papers; Vol.
GD-136). GGDC.
Dietzenbacher,
E., Los, B., Stehrer, R., Timmer,
M., & de Vries, G. (2013). The
construction of world input: Output tables in the wiod
project. Economic Systems Research,
25(1), 71-98. https://doi.org/10.1080/09535314.2012.761180
Feenstra,
R. C., Inklaar, R., & Timmer, M.
(2013). The Next Generation of the Penn World
Table. (NBER Working Paper). NBER. https://doi.org/10.3386/w19255
Dietzenbacher,
E., Los, B., & Timmer, M.
(2013). The World Input-Output Tables in the WIOD
Database. In J. Murray, & M. Lenzen (Eds.), The
Sustainability Practitioner's Guide to Multi-Regional Input-Output
Analysis (pp. 43-51). Common Ground.
2012
Inklaar,
R., & Timmer, M. (2014). The relative
price of services. Review of Income and
Wealth, 60(4), 727-746. https://doi.org/10.1111/roiw.12012
Los,
B., Timmer, M., & Vries, G. J.
D. (2012). China and the World Economy: A Global
Value Chain Perspective on Exports, Incomes and Jobs.
(GGDC Working Papers; Vol. GD-128). GGDC.
de
Vries, G. J., Erumban, A. A., Timmer, M.
P., Voskoboynikov, I., & Wu, H. X. (2012).
Deconstructing the BRICs: Structural transformation and
aggregate productivity growth. Journal of
Comparative Economics, 40(2), 211-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2012.02.004
Timmer,
M., Los, B., Stehrer, R., & Vries, G.
J. D. (2012). Fragmentation, Incomes and Jobs. An
analysis of European competitiveness. (GGDC Working
Papers; Vol. GD-130). GGDC.
Inklaar,
R., & Timmer, M. P. (2012).
Productivity and convergence across industries and countries:
The importance of theory-based measurement. In M. Mas, &
R. Stehrer (Eds.), Industrial productivity in Europe - Growth
and crisis (pp. 337-367). Edward Elgar Publishing.
Erumban,
A. A., & Timmer, M. P. (2012). The
dark side of creative destruction: Innovation and retirement of
capital. Industrial and Corporate
Change, 21(5), 1149-1174. https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dts005
Inklaar,
R., & Timmer, M. P. (2012). The
relative price of services. (GGDC Working Papers; Vol.
GD-124). GGDC.
2011
de
Vries, G., Erumban, A. A., Timmer, M.
P., Voskoboynikov, I., & Wu H.X., N. V. (2011).
Deconstructing the BRICs: Structural Transformation and
Aggregate Productivity Growth. (GGDC Working Papers;
Vol. GD-121). GGDC.
van
Ark, H. H., O'Mahony, M., & Timmer, M. P.
(2011). Europe's productivity performance in comparative
perspective: trends, causes and recent developments. In M.
Mas, & R. Stehrer (Eds.), Industrial productivity in
Europe (pp. 65 - 91). Edward Elgar Publishing.
Temurshoev,
U., & Timmer, M. P. (2011). Joint estimation
of supply and use tables. Papers in Regional
Science, 90(4), 862-882. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5957.2010.00345.x
Jorgenson,
D. W., & Timmer, M. P. (2011). Structural
Change in Advanced Nations: A New Set of Stylised Facts.
Scandinavian Journal of Economics,
113(1), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9442.2010.01637.x
2010
Timmer,
M. P., Inklaar, R., O'Mahony, M., &
van Ark, H. H. (2010). Economic growth in Europe -
A comparative industry perspective. Cambridge
University Press.
Jorgenson,
D. W., & Timmer, M. (2010). Structural
Change in Advanced Nations: A New Set of Stylised
Facts. (GGDC Working Papers; Vol. GD-115). GGDC.
2009
Feenstra,
R. C., Heston, A., Timmer, M. P., & Deng, H.
(2009). Estimating real production and expenditures across
nations: A proposal for improving the Penn World Tables.
Review of Economics and Statistics,
91(1), 201-212. https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-4166
Inklaar,
R., & Timmer, M. (2009).
Measurement error in cross-country productivity
comparisons: Is more detailed data better? (GGDC
Working Papers; Vol. GD-111). GGDC.
O'Mahony,
M., & Timmer, M. P. (2009). Output, input
and productivity measures at the industry level: The EU KLEMS
Database. Economic Journal,
119(538), F374-F403. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2009.02280.x
Inklaar,
R., & Timmer, M. P. (2009).
Productivity convergence across industries and countries: The
importance of theory-based measurement.
Macroeconomic Dynamics, 13(S2),
218-240. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1365100509090117
Inklaar,
R., & Timmer, M. P. (2009).
Productivity Convergence Across Industries and Countries:
The Importance of Theory-based Measurement. (GGDC
Working Papers; Vol. GD-109). GGDC.
van
Ark, H. H., & Timmer, M. P. (2009).
Purchasing power parity adjustments for productivity level
comparisons. In D. S. Prasada Rao (Ed.), Purchasing
power parities of currencies. Recent advances in methods and
applications (pp. 344 - 366). Edward Elgar Publishing.
Timmer,
M. P., & de Vries, G. J. (2009).
Structural change and growth accelerations in Asia and Latin
America: a new sectoral data set.
Cliometrica, 3(2), 165-190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11698-008-0029-5
2008
Inklaar,
R., & Timmer, M. P. (2008).
Accounting for growth in retail trade: an international
productivity comparison. Journal of Productivity
Analysis, 29(1), 23-31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11123-007-0062-6
Inklaar,
R., & Timmer, M. P. (2008). GGDC
Productivity Level Database: International Comparisons of Output,
Inputs and Productivity at the Industry Level. (GGDC
Working Papers; Vol. GD-104). GGDC.
Inklaar,
R., Timmer, M. P., & van Ark,
B. (2008). Market services productivity across Europe
and the US. Economic Policy,
23(53), 139-194. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444306699.ch4
van
Ark, B., O'Mahony, M., & Timmer, M. P.
(2008). The productivity gap between Europe and the United
States: Trends and causes. Journal of Economic
Perspectives, 22(1), 25-44. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.22.1.25
2007
Timmer,
M. P., & Vries, G. J. D. (2007).
A Cross-country Database For Sectoral Employment And
Productivity in Asia and Latin America, 1950-2005.
s.n.
Fremdling,
R., de Jong, H., & Timmer, M.
P. (2007). British and German manufacturing
productivity compared: A new benchmark for 1935/36 based on double
deflated value added. Journal of Economic
History, 67(2), 350-378.
Fremdling,
R., de Jong, H. J., & Timmer, M.
P. (2007). Censuses compared: A new benchmark for
British and German manufacturing 1935/1936. (GGDC
Research Memorandum; No. GD-90). GGDC.
Fremdling,
R., Jong, H. D., & Timmer, M.
P. (2007). Censuses compared. A New Benchmark for
British and German Manufacturing 1935/1936. s.n.
Feenstra,
R. C., Heston, A., Timmer, M. P., & Deng, H.
(2007). Estimating Real Production and Expenditures
Across Nations: A Proposal for Improving the Penn World
Tables. s.n.
Inklaar,
R., & Timmer, M. P. (2007).
International comparisons of industry output, inputs and
productivity levels: Methodology and new results.
Economic Systems Research, 19(3),
343-363. https://doi.org/10.1080/09535310701572040
Inklaar,
R., Timmer, M. P., & van Ark, H.
H. (2007). Mind the gap! International comparisons of
productivity in services and goods production.
German Economic Review, 8(2),
281-307.
Inklaar,
R., & Timmer, M. P. (2007). Of yeast
and mushrooms: Patterns of industry-level productivity
growth. German Economic Review,
8(2), 174-187.
Timmer,
M., Ypma, G., & van Ark, B. V. (2007). PPPs
for Industry Output: A New Dataset for International
Comparisons. s.n.
Timmer,
M. P., & Ypma, G. (2007). Purchasing power
parities for international comparison of output and productivity in
Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and the US. In D. W. Jorgenson,
M. Kuroda, & K. Motohashi (Eds.), Productivity in Asia
Economic Growth and Competitiveness (pp. 185 - 214). Edward
Elgar Publishing.
Inklaar,
R., & Timmer, M. P. (2007). Yeaty
investment and mushroom productivity growth: An industry
perspective on European and American performance, 1987-2003.
In G. Cette, C. Fouquin, & H. W. Sinn (Eds.), Divergences
in productivity between Europe and the United States (pp. 45 -
63). Edward Elgar Publishing.
2006
van
Ark, H. H., & Timmer, M. P. (2006).
Computers and the big divide: productivity growth in the
European Union and the United States. In M. Mas, & P.
Schreyer (Eds.), Growth, capital and new technologies (pp.
14-169). Fundacion BBVA.
Inklaar,
R., Timmer, M. P., & van Ark, H.
H. (2006). Mind the gap! International comparisons
of productivity in services and goods production. (GD86
ed.) GGDC.
Inklaar,
R., Timmer, M., & van Ark, B. (2006).
Mind the gap! International Comparisons of Productivity
in Services and Goods Production. s.n.
Timmer,
M. P., & Ypma, G. (2006). Productivity Levels
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