Commentaar in conflict
Comment in Conflict - Framing study on Israel in Dutch newspapers 1948-2014
SummaryThis thesis examined the views on Israel of eight Dutch daily newspapers through a qualitative framing analysis of their editorial commentaries. The views were categorised into six frames: the international interest frame, aggressor frame, victim frame, enforcer frame, hero frame and fallen hero frame. Over the period 1948-2014, eight pivotal moments were chosen where it was likely that the frames used for Israel changed. Various frame building factors were involved in the analysis: the political and/or ideological colour of the newspapers, journalistic, social and (geo)political developments, as far as possible public opinion, and developments during the pivotal moments. This analysis has shown that views cannot be easily categorised into 'positive' or 'negative' on Israel. Moreover, they vary from period to period and from newspaper to newspaper, often not making a sharp distinction between 'left-wing' and 'right-wing' newspapers and views. At the same time, the continuity of the different frames shows how they suggest a common frame of reference within which developments around Israel have been interpreted. International interference and the emphasis on Israel's right to exist are constant factors in the views on Israel in all newspapers. In addition, Israel is generally seen more and more as an aggressor, and less as a victim, although both views also occur simultaneously. More profound changes are the disappearance of appreciation and admiration for Israel. These have given way to a critical attitude, especially since the October War in 1973, with Israel being attributed unwillingness and political inability to end its conflict with the Palestinians peacefully.