Sample handling | Submission
Samples should be sent to
University of Groningen
Centre for Isotope Research | CIO
Nijenborgh 6
9747 AG Groningen
The Netherlands
CIO submission forms can be downloaded from this site. Please email the completed form to cio rug.nl when sending in the samples. Please also include a hard copy of your submission form with your samples.
All submissions of samples to the CIO are subject to our general terms and conditions. These requirements are laid out within the document below. Please acknowledge that you accept these general terms and conditions when submitting samples to CIO.
Required Sample Weights
Minimum and ideal starting weights (of dry material) for routine samples submitted to Groningen for 14C dating. For minimum-sized samples, please contact us at cio rug.nl.
Wood – Minimum Weight: 5 mg, Ideal Weight: 50 mg
Charcoal – Minimum Weight: 1 mg, Ideal Weight: 25 mg
Plant Remains – Minimum Weight: 5 mg, Ideal Weight: 50 mg
Bone & Teeth – Minimum Weight: 100 mg, Ideal Weight: 1000 mg
Calcined Bone – Minimum Weight: 1000 mg, Ideal Weight: 4000 mg
Collagen – Minimum Weight: 6 mg, Ideal Weight: 10 mg
Water – Minimum Weight: mg, Ideal Weight: mg
Hair – Minimum Weight: mg, Ideal Weight: mg
Wool – Minimum Weight: mg, Ideal Weight: mg
Shell – Minimum Weight: 50 mg, Ideal Weight: 100 mg
Egg Shell – Minimum Weight: mg, Ideal Weight: mg
Last modified:30 January 2026 10.21 a.m.
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