Cascading Disasters

Cascading Disasters.

Cascading disaster risk refers to multiple hazards or disasters that can occur sequentially, leading to a chain reaction of interconnected and potentially amplifying adverse impacts.

Assessing the cascading disaster risk includes considering various factors such as the frequency and intensity of hazards, the level of exposure and susceptibility of populations and assets, and the effectiveness of preparedness, mitigation, and response measures in reducing the impact of disasters.

Understanding and managing cascading disaster risk is essential for enhancing resilience and reducing the negative consequences of disasters on people, communities, and countries.

Risks are increasing.

Cascading disaster risk is increasing due to several interconnected factors:

1. Climate change, which is boosting the frequency and intensity of many climate extremes and extreme weather events, including severe storms, floods, droughts, wildfires, and heatwaves.

2. Degradation of ecosystems and deforestation, which weaken natural buffers.

3. Rapid urbanization and poorly planned infrastructure development, which often lead to increased exposure to multiple hazards.

4. Growing inequities, particularly in urban areas, which increase disproportionately the vulnerability of the deprived and marginalized communities.

5. The reliance on complex technologies, whose failure can introduce new risks and vulnerabilities in modern societies.

Main Challenges.

Our team focuses on some of the main challenges associated with the mitigation of cascading disaster risks:

1. Hazard Monitoring and Disaster Analysis: the development of technologies to identify, detect, and track hazards remains a challenge, especially in the global south. Feedback mechanisms and lessons learned from past events must be assimilated to enhance the resilience and responsiveness.

2. Predictability: improving the accuracy in the forecast of cascading events remain a major challenge. Improving predictive capabilities of early warning systems (EWS), able to detect cascading risks in advance, requires advanced modeling and data analysis.

3. Inequity: Assessing underlying vulnerabilities is essential for ensuring equity in risk reduction efforts and for the effective mitigation of cascading disaster risk.

4. Maladaptation: Adaptation measures targeting one hazard or sector may inadvertently increase vulnerability to other hazards or introduce new risks. Balancing competing priorities (economic, environmental conservation, and safety) requires careful disaster risk management.

5. Communication and Dissemination: Timely and clear communication of warnings to communities remains a challenge, especially in the case of isolated communities in the global south.

6. Preparedness and Response: Lessons from prior disasters suggest that ensuring preparedness and a proper response to warning remain challenging.

7. Attribution: As not all disasters are man-made, careful attributions linking anthropogenic climate change to individual extremes need to be conducted. Distinguishing between natural and anthropogenic contributions can rely on systematic comparisons between historical and counterfactual modeled data.

Contact

For more information about Cascading Disasters please contact:

        Francesca Giardini: f.giardini@rug.nl

        Sarah Feron (Campus Fryslan), s.c.feron@rug.nl

        Raul Cordero Carrasco (Campus Fryslan), r.r.cordero.carrasco@rug.nl