From BIM to Digital Twin: Understanding the current state and implementation requirements in the construction sector.

The construction sector faces major challenges related to sustainability, efficiency, and resource management. Digital technologies such as Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Digital Twins (DT) offer significant potential to transform the industry by boosting productivity, reducing emissions, lowering costs, and supporting better decision‑making. BIM is a static, detailed 3D model for design and collaboration, a DT includes real-time data to monitor progress and dynamically manage construction processes.

The EaSiCon project focuses on the development of a DT that provides real-time virtual representation of construction processes and their connected supply chains, supporting tactical and operational planning to improve efficiency and sustainability. This article presents the results of work packages 1 and 2, which outline the current BIM and DT landscape, their integration in B2T solutions, and the key requirements for successful DT implementation in data-driven construction.

Current status of BIM and DT

BIM is now widely adopted by large construction companies and provides clear benefits in design optimization, logistics, and sustainability. However, adoption among SMEs lags behind due to limited resources, lack of standardization, and insufficient demand from clients. Incomplete or inaccurate models also hinder broader application.

DT, on the other hand, is still relatively new and underutilized in the sector. Although the technology offers advantages such as real-time data sharing, improved coordination, and more efficient resource use, implementation is hampered by technological lag, integration challenges, and the complexity of real-time resource management. Emerging technologies such as AI, sensors, and machine learning have the potential to enhance DT, but are still in the early stages of application.

Synergy between BIM and DT

Although BIM is not a prerequisite for setting up a Digital Twin, its integration can significantly enhance DT functionality. BIM provides a solid foundation for data management. While it is considered a “nice‑to‑have” rather than a strict requirement, BIM’s ability to support accurate as‑built alignment and improve collaboration makes it a valuable asset. The combination of BIM and DT therefore creates strong synergies, enhancing efficiency, increasing data accuracy, and strengthening coordination on the construction site.

Requirements for DT implementation

For effective DT implementation in the construction sector, the following elements are essential:

• Standardized data models (such as BIM)

• Real-time insights via sensors and other data streams

• Adaptability to different project types and scales

• User-friendly interfaces

• Clear performance indicators

• Purpose-driven designs tailored to specific use cases

At the same time, communication issues, resistance to change, and technological limitations remain significant obstacles. Overcoming these barriers is crucial to unlocking the full potential of DT.

Conclusion and recommendations

Digital Twins offer major opportunities to make construction projects more efficient, sustainable, and manageable. Their potential is further strengthened when integrated with BIM, as successful DT implementation requires a standardized data model. Work package 3 builds on this need for standardization by developing a conceptual data management architecture that will serve as the backbone of the B2T solution for the EaSiCon Living Lab. In addition, DT implementation requires investment in technological infrastructure and effective change management to ensure adoption across the construction industry.

For more information, please contact:

Ragnar Klabbers

Ivo Agricola

Kees Jan Roodbergen

Michael Dienstknecht

Jeroen Laarman