Marcel Timmer and Robert Inklaar presented their research at the 2016 conference of the Society for Economic Measurement. Marcel Timmer presented a framework for measuring productivity when production is fragmented across borders and prices are imperfectly measured. Robert Inklaar presented ongoing work with Herman de Jong, Jutta Bolt and Jan Luiten van Zanden on providing a new basis for the Maddison database on long-term relative income levels.