TY - JOUR

T1 - Clinical utility and research frontiers of neuroimaging in movement disorders

AU - Nobili, Flavio

AU - Westman, Eric

AU - Kogan, Rosalie Vered

AU - Pereira, Joana

AU - Massa, Federico

AU - Grazzini, Matteo

AU - Meles, Sanne

AU - Leenders, Klaus L.

PY - 2017/12

Y1 - 2017/12

N2 - Neuroimaging in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and other primary Parkinsonian disorders has been increasingly used in the routine clinical work in the last years. The paradigm has changed from an “exclusionary” use, i.e., to rule out causes of secondary Parkinsonism, to an “inclusionary” one, i.e., finding image and network characteristics allowing to identify a specific disease. This is allowed by analyses spanning from the commonly used visual analysis to the most sophisticated postprocessing leading to the identification of covariance patterns both in morphological and functional neuroimaging. However, paralleling the advancement in covariance and connectivity analyses, the issues of standardization and harmonization of data acquisition, and image reconstruction and postprocessing among centers are emerging in the scientific community. Also, the building of scientific evidence still suffers from the lack of large, formal studies and relies on relatively small cohort studies from one or few centers. Joint actions to face these issues are now ongoing in Europe, supported by specific programs, such as the Joint Programming on Neurodegenerative Diseases (JPND). In the present review, some of the most recent and relevant achievements in the field of diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional MRI, fludeoxyglucose-positron-emission tomography, dopamine transporter single-photon emission computed tomography and non-dopaminergic imaging in PD and primary Parkinsonisms are reported.

AB - Neuroimaging in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and other primary Parkinsonian disorders has been increasingly used in the routine clinical work in the last years. The paradigm has changed from an “exclusionary” use, i.e., to rule out causes of secondary Parkinsonism, to an “inclusionary” one, i.e., finding image and network characteristics allowing to identify a specific disease. This is allowed by analyses spanning from the commonly used visual analysis to the most sophisticated postprocessing leading to the identification of covariance patterns both in morphological and functional neuroimaging. However, paralleling the advancement in covariance and connectivity analyses, the issues of standardization and harmonization of data acquisition, and image reconstruction and postprocessing among centers are emerging in the scientific community. Also, the building of scientific evidence still suffers from the lack of large, formal studies and relies on relatively small cohort studies from one or few centers. Joint actions to face these issues are now ongoing in Europe, supported by specific programs, such as the Joint Programming on Neurodegenerative Diseases (JPND). In the present review, some of the most recent and relevant achievements in the field of diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional MRI, fludeoxyglucose-positron-emission tomography, dopamine transporter single-photon emission computed tomography and non-dopaminergic imaging in PD and primary Parkinsonisms are reported.

KW - Parkinson disease

KW - Parkinsonian disorders

KW - Magnetic resonance imaging

KW - Fluorodeoxyglucose F18

KW - Positron-emission tomography

KW - tomography, emission-computed, single-photon

U2 - 10.23736/S1824-4785.17.03018-7

DO - 10.23736/S1824-4785.17.03018-7

M3 - Article

VL - 61

SP - 372

EP - 385

JO - Quarterly Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging

JF - Quarterly Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging

SN - 1824-4661

IS - 4

ER -