Ocasys: Ocasys: Online Onderwijscatalogus

Rijksuniversiteit Groningen

Hieronder staan het programma en de vakomschrijvingen van BSc Biology: major Behaviour and Neurosciences Klik op de naam van een vak in een schema om naar de omschrijving te gaan.

Periode	Type	Code	Naam	Taal	ECTS	Uren
» Jaar 1
semester I a	verplicht	WPLS18001	Basic Cell and Molecular Biology	Engels	5
	verplicht	WPLS18010	Genetics, Ecology and Evolution	Engels	5
	verplicht	WPLS18017	Physiology	Engels	5
semester I b	verplicht	WPLS18005	Biostatistics 1	Engels	5
	verplicht	WPLS18009	First Year Symposium	Engels	2
	verplicht	WPLS18011	Lab Course	Engels	3
	verplicht	WPLS18015	Microbiology	Engels	5
semester II a	verplicht	WPLS18002	Behavioural Neurosciences	Engels	5
	verplicht	WPLS18006	Cell Biology and Immunology	Engels	5
	verplicht	WPLS18016	Molecules of Life	Engels	5
semester II b	verplicht	WPLS18013	Metabolism	Engels	5
	verplicht	WPLS18021	Research Skills in Life Sciences 1	Engels	2
	verplicht	WPLS18022	Research Skills in Life Sciences 2	Engels	3
	verplicht	WPLS18023	Research Skills in Life Sciences 3	Engels	5

Opmerkingen	Biology and Life Science & Technology course units are accessible for students of those degree programmes only. Students from other degree programmes who would like to participate in our course units should contact one of our academic advisors before registration. Failing to contact them may result in de-registration without notification.
» Jaar 2
Periode	Type	Code	Naam	Taal	ECTS	Uren
semester I a	verplicht	WBLS19004	Integrative Neuroscience	Engels	5
	verplicht	WBLS19006	Molecular Genetics	Engels	5
	keuzegroep A	WBLS19001	Bioinformatics	Engels	5
	keuzegroep A	WBLS19002	Chronobiology	Engels	5
	keuzegroep A	WBLS19003	Genes and Evolution	Engels	5
semester I b	verplicht	WBLS19008	Behavioural Biology	Engels	5
	verplicht	WBLS19014	Modelling Life	Engels	5
	keuzegroep B	WBLS19011	Genes & Behaviour	Engels	5
	keuzegroep B	WBLS19013	Immunology	Engels	5
semester II a	keuzegroep C	WBLS19018	Biology of Human Behaviour	Engels	5
	keuzegroep C	WBLS19019	Biostatistics II	Engels	5
	keuzegroep C	WBLS19026	Food and Metabolism	Engels	5
	keuzegroep D	WBLS19024	Evolutionary Medicine	Engels	5
	keuzegroep D	WBLS19025	Evolutionary Processes	Engels	5
	keuzegroep E	WBLS19015	Big Data in Human Disease	Engels	5
	keuzegroep E	WBLS19021	Endocrinology	Engels	5
	keuzegroep E	WBLS19022	Epigenetics and Gene-editing	Engels	5
	keuzegroep E	WBLS19023	Evolution and Development	Engels	5
semester II b	verplicht	WBLS19033	Biology & Society: Ethical and Professional Aspects	Engels	5
	keuzegroep F	WBLS19037	Evolutionary and Ecological Genomics	Engels	5
	keuzegroep F	WBLS19039	Integrative Biology	Engels	5
	keuzegroep F	WBLS19044	Neurobiology of Ageing	Engels	5
	keuzegroep G	WBLS19040	Medical Physiology	Engels	5
	keuzegroep G	WBLS19041	Microbes and Infection	Engels	5
	keuzegroep G	WBLS19042	Microbiome	Engels	5
	keuzegroep G	WBLS19045	Psychobiology	Engels	5

Opmerkingen	Please note the following: 1. Third-year course units of the newly developed curriculum will be added in the summer of 2020 at the latest. 2. Biology and Life Science & Technology course units are accessible for students of those degree programmes only. Students from other degree programmes who would like to participate in our course units should contact one of our academic advisors before registration. Failing to contact them may result in de-registration without notification.

Toon korte vakomschrijvingen

Basic Cell and Molecular Biology

WPLS18001

During the course the basic processes of cell biology and molecular biology will be addressed. The cell biology lectures include topics like cell membranes, cell compartments, vesicle transport inside the cell, cell cycle, and mitosis and meiosis. The molcular biology lectures include topics like DNA structure and replication, RNA and transcription, protein synthesis, gene expression and basic recombinant DNA techniques.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	dr. M.H.K. Linskens
Docent(en)	dr. M.H.K. Linskens prof. dr. P.J.M. van Haastert
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC), Werkcollege (T)
Toetsvorm	Meerkeuze toets (MC)
ECTS	5
Entreevoorwaarden	No prior knowlegde required.

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Behavioural Biology

WBLS19008

Het doel van de cursus is een theoretische en conceptuele basis te geven voor een goed begrip van de belangrijkste vragen en methoden van de gedragsbiologie. Aandacht voor zowel mechanismen (hoe?) als functie en evolutie (waarom?) van gedrag, en voor de integratie van beide aspecten zijn een terugkerend thema. Onderwerpen betreffen o.a. : de evolutie van gedrag, seksuele selectie, ontwikkeling van gedrag, fourageergedrag,
communicatie en cognitie.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. M.E. Maan
Docent(en)	prof. dr. A.G.G. Groothuis prof. dr. M.E. Maan dr. B.J. Riedstra
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC), Practisch werk (PRC)
Toetsvorm	Schriftelijk tentamen (WE), Tussentoets (IT)
ECTS	5

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Behavioural Neurosciences

WPLS18002

Lectures:
Basic course unit which covers the structure of the central nervous system, the fundamental connection between the brain and behavior in relation to, learning and memory, sleep, sexual differentiation, sensory systems and the timing of behavior. The course also covers the basic principles of common central nervous system disorders. Practicals:
Anatomy of the healthy human brain and brain of Alzheimer patients (NB: no dissection practical), analysis of learning behavior in animals, pharmacological manipulation of learning behavior, personality tests in humans related to lateralization of the brain.

Knowledge:
Students will understand and be able to reproduce the basic principles of the structure of the brain, the basic principles of behavior, and will be able to make functional relations between brain structures and behavioral processes. Students will also be trained to reproduce basic brain and behavioral principles related to the working of the following sensory systems: the visual system, the ear, and the vestibular system. The students will also be able to recognize some common behavioral and central nervous system disorders.

Skills and Training:
Students will be trained in analyzing data and writing short summaries.

End terms knowledge:
To understand and reproduce the basic principles of the anatomy and function of the brain. To reproduce the functional relationship between some of the sensory systems, behavior, and brain structures.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	dr. R. Havekes
Docent(en)	dr. R. Havekes dr. P.R.A. Heckman prof. dr. R.A. Hut dr. B.J. Riedstra prof. dr. E.A. van der Zee
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC), Practisch werk (PRC), Werkcollege (T)
Toetsvorm	Meerkeuze toets (MC), Verslag (R)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	Both the exam and practical grade need to be a 5.5 or higher to pass the course. Attendance requirement: introductory lecture and all labs including the lab tutorials The courses within the bachelor programmes Biology and Life Science & Technology are open to students of those degree programmes only. Students from other degree programmes may be unenrolled. Please contact the academic advisors of Biology/LST first.

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Big Data in Human Disease

WBLS19015

The development of high-throughput technologies has advanced biomedical research at an
unprecedented speed. Life scientists are starting to generate and have an access to massive data
sets. It is a big challenge for biologists to handle and process big data, conduct analysis and
interpret results. For the next-generation biologists and biomedical researcher, big data analysis
has become critically important.
This course is designed to fit the trend of big data science in biological and medical field and to
meet the need to develop students’ skills in “big data science”.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. J. Yang-Fu
Docent(en)	Guest lecturer dr. S. Sanna, PhD.prof. dr. J. Yang-Fu prof. dr. A.P. Zhernakova
Onderwijsvorm	Practisch werk (PRC), Werkcollege (T), Hoorcollege (LC), Opdracht (ASM)
Toetsvorm	Opdracht (AST), Presentatie (P)
ECTS	5
Entreevoorwaarden	Prior knowledge on biology and statistics are necessary.
Opmerkingen	Guest lecturers: Dr V. Jumar and Dr A. Kurilshikov Students from this course can develop skills usable for Integrative Biology, Microbiome, Molecular Research in Human disease and specific courses on complex diseases, like Cardiovacular diseases, Neurobiology of Ageing. In addition to that, skills will be also useful for bachelor thesis projects. Capacity min: 10 max: 20

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Bioinformatics

WBLS19001

This course presents an introduction to bioinformatics, to bioinformatics tools and databases.
The databases used in the course are those in which genomes, genes, mRNAs, proteins, protein patterns, gene variants and gene/protein expression are stored. The bioinformatics tools will be used to perform sequence alignments, create phylogenetic trees, predict genes/exons/introns, meta-genomics, and to model biological processes on the basis of -omics datasets.
Furthermore, databases will be used to study genetic variation and complex diseases.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. J. Kok
Docent(en)	dr. A. de Jong Gastdocent(en)prof. dr. M. Heinemann D. Incarnato, PhD.prof. dr. J. Kok dr. A.M.W.H. Thunnissen
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC), Werkcollege (T)
Toetsvorm	Tussentoets (IT), Opdracht (AST)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	Basic genetics and statistics knowledge, as acquired in the first year of the BSc Biology and LST, is expected. The course unit prepares for and provides skills usable in the course units or/and degree programme: Big Data Management in Human Disease; Human Genetics and Genomics; Molecular Biology; Practical Carrousel; Bioanalytical and -omics Techniques; Programming for the Life Sciences

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Biology & Society: Ethical and Professional Aspects

WBLS19033

The course allows the students to develop a critical, responsible and professional attitude towards their own role as a scientist and the consequences of their actions in a broader societal context. Students will be engaged into thinking about scientific and innovative practices that can address the global challenges of our time in a collaborative, ethical and sustainable way. To understand the relations between biology and society a number of basic elements from ethics, philosophy of science, innovation and policy making will be introduced. Students will practice applying these elements in (the assessment of) debates, controversies and cases related to the large societal challenges of our time, including themes such as responsible research and innovation, sustainability, and the role of science, business and policy in this. To demonstrate these aspects, an excursion to a company or policy organization is also part of this course. This course is examined with a multiple choice exam and a paper that students write in groups of four students. In this paper students need to apply the content of the course to a specific topic at the interface of biology and society.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	J. Zevenberg
Docent(en)	drs. S. Grooters dr. H.A.J. Mulder dr. H.J. van der Windt J. Zevenberg
Onderwijsvorm	Opdracht (ASM), Werkcollege (T), Bijeenkomst (S), Hoorcollege (LC)
Toetsvorm	Meerkeuze toets (MC), Opdracht (AST), Presentatie (P), Verslag (R)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	The excursion, tutorials and the appointments with the TA are mandatory. In case of missing out of them without sufficient reason, a replacement assignments has to be made.

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Biology of Human Behaviour

WBLS19018

Learning outcomes (knowledge):
1. General knowledge of the nature of human behavioural biology.
2. Understanding the patterns of human behaviour and the degree to which these correspond with those of other animals and to which they are unique.
3. Understanding the cross-fertilization between behavioural biology, psychology, the humanities and anthropology.

Learning outcomes (skills)
1. Critical evaluation of the literature about human behaviour.
2. Experience in conducting human behavioural research and being a test subject.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. A.G.G. Groothuis
Docent(en)	prof. dr. L.W. Beukeboom Gastdocent(en)dr. R.H. Geuze dr. M.C.M. Gordijn prof. dr. A.G.G. Groothuis prof. dr. M. Hadders-Algra dr. R. Jonkers dr. B.J. Riedstra dr. S.A. Sprenger
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC), Practisch werk (PRC), Werkcollege (T)
Toetsvorm	Practisch werk (PR), Schriftelijk tentamen (WE)
ECTS	5
Entreevoorwaarden	No entrance requirements

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Biostatistics II

WBLS19019

This is an introductory course in applied statistics for students in the life sciences. Statistical theory will be made understandable with a minimal mathematical effort, while practicing statistics will be viewed as an iterative process of model building and hypothesis tests. The main emphasis is on being able to apply statistical models that are commonly used in the life sciences, using the ‘open source’ software R – the modern ‘lingua franca’ of applied statistics. Besides ‘number crunching’, the course focuses on graphical analysis and presentation of data.
Subjects that are covered: probability theory, distributions and descriptive statistics; goodness-of-fit; power analysis; one and two-sample problems; 1-factor and 2-factor anova; linear and nonlinear regression; ancova; random effect models; linear mixed models; repeated measures; generalized linear models.

This course gives a solid base for the masterscourse Advanced Statistics

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. I.R. Pen
Docent(en)	prof. dr. I.R. Pen
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC), Practisch werk (PRC)
Toetsvorm	Schriftelijk tentamen (WE)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	The courses within the bachelor programmes Biology and Life Science & Technology are open to students of those degree programmes only. Students from other degree programmes may be unenrolled. Please contact the academic advisors of Biology/LST first.

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Biostatistics 1

WPLS18005

The course Biostatistics 1 introduces students to the statistical analysis of biological research data. The course is structured in 11 modules that cover the following topics: descriptive statistics, sources of variation and error propagation, correlation and regression, probability theory, test theory and experimental design, chi-squared tests for goodness-of-fit and independence, confidence intervals, comparisons between two samples, analysis of variance and bayesian statistics. The final module is dedicated to a review and summary of the course, in order to prepare students for the final (written) exam.
Each module starts with two lecture hours, followed by one hour study time or a short working group to digest or discuss the material in the course manual. Students then work for four hours on pen-and-paper and computer exercises, where they learn to apply their new knowledge to problems taken from biological research practice. Solutions to a subset of the pen-and-paper and computer exercises have to be handed in at the end of each practical; these are evaluated by the teaching-assistants. Students receive feedback from their teaching assistant at the next practical, as well as worked-out solutions of all exercises.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. S. Verhulst
Docent(en)	dr. J. Bakker dr. A. Milias Argeitis prof. dr. S. Verhulst
Onderwijsvorm	Werkcollege (T), Hoorcollege (LC), Practisch werk (PRC)
Toetsvorm	Practisch werk (PR), Schriftelijk tentamen (WE)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	The hand-in exercises at the pen-and-paper and computer practicals are evaluated on a three-point scale (insufficient, sufficient, good). Students pass the course if their score for the written exam is at least 8.0, or if their exam score is at least 5.5 and no more than 30% of their hand-in exercises were evaluated as insufficient. Attendance of the pen-and-paper and computer practicals is mandatory for the first 10 course modules. Unapproved absence results in an automatic insufficient score for the hand-in exercises of that practical. Students have a limited opportunity to compensate insufficient scores at the (facultative) practical of the final module (course review and exam preparation). The courses within the bachelor programmes Biology and Life Science & Technology are open to students of those degree programmes only. Students from other degree programmes may be unenrolled. Please contact the academic advisors of Biology/LST first.

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Cell Biology and Immunology

WPLS18006

During the course the basic processes of cell biology and and an introduction in the basic principles and concepts of immunology will be addressed. The cell biology lectures follow up on the course basic cell biology and molecular biology, and include topics like signal transduction, cell-cell communication, cytoskeleton, cell movement, cell cycle, cell death, multicellular development, tissue homeostasis, stem cells and cancer. The immunology lectures start with a short history of immunity after which basic principles of immunity, innate immunity, acquired immunity, immune response pathways to bacteria and virusses, and disorders of the immunesystem will be addressed. The immunology part includes a magistral lecture on dendritic cells, and e-learning assignment on inflammation.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. P.J.M. van Haastert
Docent(en)	prof. dr. P. Heeringa prof. dr. G. van den Bogaart prof. dr. H. van Goor prof. dr. P.J.M. van Haastert
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC), Opdracht (ASM)
Toetsvorm	Meerkeuze toets (MC), Opdracht (AST)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	The course expects prior knowledge from Basic cell biology and molecular biology (WPLS18001). \ The exam consists of 40 multiple questions. Each question is valued equally. To pass a 55% knowledge level has to be attained (in this case, a minimum of 28 questions have to be answered correctly). The e-learning module is mandatory to obtain the grade. The courses within the bachelor programmes Biology and Life Science & Technology are open to students of those degree programmes only. Students from other degree programmes may be unenrolled. Please contact the academic advisors of Biology/LST first.

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Chronobiology

WBLS19002

Temporal organisation; analysis of behavior; history and position of the field; circadian rhythms: general characteristics; non-circa rhythms: ultradian rhythms & infradian rhythms: year, tidal, lunar; photic entrainment; non-photic entrainment; pacemaker systems; SCN: anatomy and physiology of entrainment; SCN: efferent government of behavior and physiology; molecular pacemaker mechanisms I & II; evolution and function: rhythms and memory; sleep: phenomena and function; sleep wake regulation I & II; sleep and genetics; pathology of the circadian system; chronofarmacology; photoperiodism.

Eindtermen kennis:
-1. Leren hanteren van chronobiologische terminologie
-2. Leren kritische chronobiologische vragen te stellen
-3. Leren chronobiologische publicaties kritisch te kunnen lezen

Eindtermen vaardigheden en vorming:
-1. Leren chronobiologische stof adekwaat samen te vatten en te presenteren
-2. Kunnen toepassen van chronobiologische principes in biologische en medisch-biologische wetenschap.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. R.A. Hut
Docent(en)	prof. dr. B. Helm prof. dr. R.A. Hut dr. P. Meerlo
Onderwijsvorm	Practisch werk (PRC), Werkcollege (T)
Toetsvorm	Practisch werk (PR), Presentatie (P), Schriftelijk tentamen (WE)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	The courses within the bachelor programmes Biology and Life Science & Technology are open to students of those degree programmes only. Students from other degree programmes may be unenrolled. Please contact the academic advisors of Biology/LST first. Onderwijsvorm: In 20 werkcolleges presenteren cursisten deelthema’s (nav syllabus), anderen stellen vragen en weer anderen doen verslag op nestor. Daarnaast researchseminars (stafleden), 6 practica (o.a. fase-response curve, fysiologische en gedragswaarnemingen, tijdreeksanalyse, literatuuranalyse en writers-editors debat) Docenten: De genoemde docenten geven werkcolleges. Vaste en tijdelijke wetenschappelijke medewerkers Chronobiologie (researchseminars & practica). Capaciteit: maximaal 80 studenten. Dit vak is een ingangseis voor Chronobiologie Research. ;sbu; hc; - wc; 33 pr; 34 PGO; 11 Ovw; -

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Endocrinology

WBLS19021

The course consist of lectures and writing an essay.

In the lectures, we will focus on various endocrine systems and how they influence the individuals physiology.
Endocrine systems that we focus on will amongst others be:
- Thyroid and parathyroid
- Hormones of the gastrointestinal tract
- Hormones of the pancreas
- Hormones of the adrenal gland
- Endocrinology of reproduction

Next to this we will focus on how endocrine systems adapt to different circumstances, such as exercise or stress, but also to pregnancy.
Human reproduction will be taught in more detail, since we will focus on the development of the human placenta (the biggest endocrine organ) and we will look into differences in placentas in different animals. The changes in endocrine systems during pregnancy will be discussed as well as the development of male and female sex organs.
We will try to schedule 1 or 2 clinical lectures, in which clinicians show endocrinology from the clinical site.

Essay: all students write an essay on an endocrine subject. Essays will be written in couples.
Students can choose from a list of subjects or bring in their own subject. In the beginning of the course, students can register for a subject via nestor. All essays will be published on the website as an online book.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	dr. M.M. Faas
Docent(en)	prof. dr. E.J.M.M. Arts dr. M.M. Faas prof. dr. T. Plosch prof. dr. A.J.W. Scheurink
Onderwijsvorm	Werkcollege (T), Hoorcollege (LC), Opdracht (ASM)
Toetsvorm	Meerkeuze toets (MC), Opdracht (AST)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	The course units assumes prior knowlegde and skills, acquired from the following other course units and/or degree programmes : Physiology (1ste year biology) Other (guest) lecturers: Prof Dr T.P. Links, Dr van der Werf, Dr Smink, Prof Dr J.J.H.M. Erwich, Dr E.G.J.M. Arts Capacity max: 100 students

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Epigenetics and Gene-editing

WBLS19022

Based in part on developments in genomics, both Epigenetics and Gene Editing are rapidly entering the clinical arena. This course will guide the student from understanding basic principles in epigenetics and gene expression regulation, cellular differentiation and dedifferentiation to clinical applications of epigenetic drugs, induced pluripotent stem cells and cellular reprogramming by (CRISPR/Cas-based) gene targeting approaches.

From one DNA molecule to numerous cell types: molecular epigenetics
Although cells in individual organisms contain the same DNA, different gene expression programs underlie the many different cell identities. Molecular epigenetics marks and mechanisms associated with this process of gene expression control and epigenetic memory will be discussed, as well as opportunities of epigenetics in disease diagnosis and treatment.

From one fertilized egg to a complete organism: the example of neurons
All organisms arise from one single fertilized egg. This process of differentiation and memory will be explained with a special focus on neuronal differentiation. External stimuli interfering with embryonal development will be discussed as well as examples of (neurodegenerative) diseases associated with epigenetic dysregulation.

From one differentiated cell to any other cell type: cellular reprogramming
Only three factors are required to dedifferentiate cells to “induced Pluripotent Stem Cells” (iPSCs). From this pluripotent state, cells can be reprogrammed into another cell type. This process and the clinical applications will be discussed.

From a diseased cell state to a healthy cell status: gene targeting to correct or compensate for genetic or epigenetic mutations
In 2012, CRISPR/Cas was introduced as a precise tool to engineer genomes and epigenomes.
This technology has revolutionized biomedical research and approaches ranging from engineered cells and transgenic animals to therapeutic possibilities will be presented.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. M.G. Rots
Docent(en)	prof. dr. R.A. Bank prof. dr. B.J.L. Eggen prof. dr. ir. F. Foijer prof. dr. J.D.A. Olivier prof. dr. M.G. Rots
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC)
Toetsvorm	Meerkeuze toets (MC)
ECTS	5
Entreevoorwaarden	The course units assumes prior knowlegde and skills, acquired from the following other course units: Basic Cell & Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Immunology, Molecular Genetics
Opmerkingen	The course unit prepares for and provides skills usable in the course unit(s) or degree programme(s): prepares for Master BioMedical Sciences

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Evolution and Development

WBLS19023

We often think of evolution as optimizing a phenotype such as beak shape or body size, according to the environment in which an animal lives. However, these characteristics of animal bodies do not derive directly from expression of one or more genes. In all multicellular animals, phenotypes arise through a gradual process of individual development which starts with a single cell.

This course examines the process of development in various vertebrate and invertebrate species. We explore the relationship between individual-level phenotypic change due to development, and population-level change due to evolution by natural selection. We will study how the basic body plan of different species arises through gene regulatory networks operating during early development. We will learn how animal development has itself evolved and how it generates morphological variation that is the raw material for evolution.

Evolutionary developmental biology is a core component of contemporary evolutionary biology and this course is particularly suited to those wishing to specialize in an evolutionary, genetics or ecology-related major. We focus especially on animal species that are used for empirical research at RUG – mammals, birds and insects, and will provide some hands-on experience of studying developmental mutations in Drosophila, along with practical computational methods for studying gene expression networks and their evolution.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	M.G. Elliot, PhD.
Docent(en)	M.G. Elliot, PhD.dr. L.P.W.G.M. Jacobus Mgn Van De Zande
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC), Practisch werk (PRC), Werkcollege (T)
Toetsvorm	Meerkeuze toets (MC), Practisch werk (PR), Schriftelijk tentamen (WE)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	Presence during (parts of) the course is mandatory. The Evolution and Development course is part of the “Ecology and Evolution” and “Integrative Biology” specializations. The Evolution and Development course is part of the “Ecology and Evolution” and “Integrative Biology” specializations. As such it builds upon basic foundations of evolutionary biology acquired in the first year of the Biology curriculum. Students should have studied a suitable first year course such as: Genetics, Ecology & Evolution; Evolutionary Ecology; Biochemistry and Cell Biology in Ecology and Evolution. The course will be closely integrated with the following course units: Evolutionary Processes; Evolutionary Medicine; Genes and Behaviour.

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Evolutionary and Ecological Genomics

WBLS19037

The aim of the course is to present how the complexity of the genome of prokaryotes and eukaryotes, in relation to the complexity of the ecosystem, affects ecological and evolutionary processes at different levels. A central theme is how variation at the level of genotypes leads to variation in phenotypes, in interaction with environmental settings. Students will be familiar with population genetic processes such as mutation, genetic drift, horizontal gene transfer, migration and selection. They will learn how these processes become evident at the genetic level and can lead to evolutionary changes and constraints. They will be instructed to evaluate how selection can act at different organizational levels, such as genic and individual selection.
They will acquire knowledge about metagenomics and genomic techniques and how these can be used to address ecological and evolutionary questions on prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. J. Falcao Salles
Docent(en)	prof. dr. L.W. Beukeboom dr. ir. M.G.J. de Vos prof. dr. J. Falcao Salles dr. L.P.W.G.M. Jacobus Mgn Van De Zande prof. dr. B. Wertheim
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC), Opdracht (ASM), Practisch werk (PRC)
Toetsvorm	Mondeling tentamen (OR), Presentatie (P), Schriftelijk tentamen (WE)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	During the presentations the presence is mandatory. During the lectures and practical work the presence is not mandatory, however the grade depends for 10% on student participation during the lectures. The open book written exam is mandatory and a minimal grade should be 5.5. the possibility to resit exam will be planned in the schedule The course units assumes prior knowlegde and skills, acquired from the following other course units: Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Microbiology, Evolutionary Ecology, Research Skills in Ecology and Evolution, Research Skills in Life Sciences Capacity max: 60 students The course unit if (often) followed by students from the course unit(s) and degree programme(s): Biology and Life Science & Technology (Ecology & Evolution, Behaviour and Neurosciences, Biomedical Sciences, Molecular Life Sciences).

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Evolutionary Medicine

WBLS19024

We normally think of evolution as optimizing the phenotype of an animal so that it is well-adapted to its environment. So, the existence of diseases such as influenza, cancer or HIV are a puzzle. The course will investigate why and how diseases which are obviously harmful persist over evolutionary timescales?

This course will give a broad overview where ecological and evolutionary thinking can advance the understanding of human health and disease. We will cover a range of topics including:

● A review of evolutionary genetics and dynamics
● The co-evolution of parasites and hosts
● Evolution of the immune system
● Evolution and origin of human infectious diseases
● Evolution of virulence – why are some infectious diseases fatal and others so mild that they are barely noticed?
● Evolution of sexually transmitted diseases
● The evolution of antibacterial and antimicrobial resistance
● Microbiota and human health
● Evolutionary processes operating in during cancer development
● The evolution of aging and diseases of old age
● The evolution of human reproductive disorders and pregnancy complications
● Applied evolution – can we make malaria extinct?

The course is suitable for any student interested in evolution and ecology or a biomedical field.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	dr. ir. M.G.J. de Vos
Docent(en)	dr. ir. M.G.J. de Vos M.G. Elliot, PhD.
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC), Opdracht (ASM), Practisch werk (PRC)
Toetsvorm	Meerkeuze toets (MC), Opdracht (AST), Schriftelijk tentamen (WE)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	Practical sessions are mandatory. Missing a session without good reason will result in a 10% downgrade. The Evolutionary Medicine course is part of the “Ecology and Evolution” and “Integrative Biology” specializations. The course will be closely integrated with the following course units: Evolutionary Processes; Evolution and Development; Genes and Behaviour.

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Evolutionary Processes

WBLS19025

Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution” is a well-known quote of Theodorus Dobzhansky, one of the founders of the Modern Synthesis. This course is meant to provide students with the basic premises of the field of evolutionary biology and to train them in evolutionary thinking. It builds upon the basic principles of evolution that are thought at high-school and in the first year’s course Genetics, Ecology & Evolution (GEE). Many students think of evolution as optimizing the phenotype of an organism so that it is well-adapted to its environment. However, many organismal traits are non-adaptive or even maladaptive because natural selection is not omnipotent and other processes, such as drift and historical contingency, determine evolutionary trajectories. This also applies to human evolution, the existence of diseases such as influenza, cancer or HIV are a puzzle. The course will give an in-depth overview of evolutionary and train students in evolutionary thinking. We will cover a range of topics including:

● A review of evolutionary genetics and dynamics
● Forms of selection and the neutral theory
● Levels of selection and genetic conflict
● Molecular evolution and genome evolution
● Co-evolution of parasites and hosts, evolution of virulence and resistance in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
● Phenotypic plasticity and reaction norms
● Speciation models and processes
● Macroevolution and biogeography
● The evolution of the microbiome and human health
● Human and cultural evolution
● Evolutionary applications – how can evolutionary thinking be applied to other scientific disciplines and applications

The first part of the course will run in parallel with Evolutionary Medicine (shared lectures). The course is suitable for any student interested in evolution, ecology, behavior and molecular genetics.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. L.W. Beukeboom
Docent(en)	prof. dr. L.W. Beukeboom M.G. Elliot, PhD.prof. dr. R.S. Etienne Gastdocent(en)prof. dr. I.R. Pen
Onderwijsvorm	Bijeenkomst (S), Hoorcollege (LC), Opdracht (ASM), Practisch werk (PRC)
Toetsvorm	Schriftelijk tentamen (WE)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	Guest lecturers: Luis Valente (Naturalis), Franjo Weissing, Bregtje Wertheim, Jon Laman (UMCG) The course will be closely integrated with the Evolutionary Medicine. It prepares for the subsequent courses Evolution and Development, Microbiome and Integrative Biology, as well as for the the third-year “Research” courses. The course units assumes prior knowlegde and skills, acquired from the following other course units: Genetics, Ecology & Evolution, Genes & Evolution; Evolutionary Ecology, Biodiversity and research skills Presence during (parts of) the course is mandatory.

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First Year Symposium

WPLS18009

Students will prepare a poster about a scientific topic, which will be presented at the First Year Symposium (during last week of period Ib). During period Ia, a choice can be made from a large offering of topics with a scientific question. For each topic a staff member will act as a tutor. Groups of 3-4 students each will research the assigned topic with the help of a staff-tutor, and prepare a scientific poster which will address the scientific question. Students will get instructions on how to access and interpret scientific literature, and on how to prepare a scientific poster. At the end of the first semester students will present the poster during the symposium, and will peer-review a poster from another group.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	dr. M.H.K. Linskens
Docent(en)	Guest lecturer dr. M.H.K. Linskens
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC), Opdracht (ASM), Practisch werk (PRC), Werkcollege (T)
Toetsvorm	Presentatie (P)
ECTS	2
Opmerkingen	Performing and handing in a peer review during symposium is mandatory to obtain the grade. The courses within the bachelor programmes Biology and Life Science & Technology are open to students of those degree programmes only. Students from other degree programmes may be unenrolled. Please contact the academic advisors of Biology/LST first.

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Food and Metabolism

WBLS19026

A well balanced diet promotes the functioning of the body and prevents diseases. But what is a healthy diet and what is the connection between nutrition and metabolism? How can disturbances in energy metabolism contribute to the development of chronic diseases? These are the central questions in the course Food and Metabolism. During the course, you will learn the role of nutrition and metabolism in the development of chronic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In the lectures, we will address the structure, function and metabolism of macronutrients. In addition, you will gain more insight into the regulation of metabolism. In the work lectures, you will gain a deeper insight into how specific nutrients and/or disturbances in energy metabolism contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic diseases.
Under the supervision of an expert, you will perform a literature study in the area of food and metabolic diseases. The results of the literature study will be presented by a presentation and in the form of an essay.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	dr. J.K. Kruit
Docent(en)	dr. ir. E. Corpeleijn dr. ir. H.J.M. Harmsen dr. J.W. Jonker dr. J.K. Kruit prof. dr. T. Plosch dr. U.J.F. Tietge
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC), Opdracht (ASM), Werkcollege (T)
Toetsvorm	Meerkeuze toets (MC), Opdracht (AST), Presentatie (P), Verslag (R)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	Students should have knowledge regarding the following: - Basic principles of cellular metabolism - Basic knowledge of the main biochemical pathways in primary carbon and energy metabolism This are learning goals of the 2nd year course ‘Metabolism’ Other (guest) lecturers: E. van de Beek Capacity max: 120 students. Attendance at the first lecture, working lectures and during presentation is mandatory. Mandatory parts: exam, report, working lecture, presentation, food diary assignment. If the student would miss a work lecture, the student will need to make a substitute assignment.

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Genes & Behaviour

WBLS19011

The course Genes & Behaviour is aimed at second year undergraduate students. The aim of this course is to teach how genes influence the great variety of behaviours exhibited by animals ranging from invertebrates to humans.

The course consists of 12 2-hours lectures, 5 afternoons of laboratory practicals and 2 afternoons for the students to design and perform an independent project with a final presentation of the results to the class.

The laboratory practicals aim to provide a realistic research experience for students, where they learn not only how to follow protocols, but also how to design and troubleshoot experiments. The lab work will use the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, with which the student will gain intensive hands-on experience. This small animal will be used to train the students on how to investigate how genes influence behaviours. The students will work in pairs and will be encouraged to collaborate with other teams.

10 hours of lectures (from 11:00-12:45) and 8-10 hours of practicals (from 13:00-18:00 on alternative afternoons) per week.

Over the 3 weeks of the course, there will be 12 X 2 hours-lectures from 11:00 to 12:45.
In the afternoons, there will be practical work in the lab. Due to the size of the course, lab practicals will be split in two groups taught on alternate days.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. J.C. Billeter
Docent(en)	prof. dr. J.C. Billeter prof. dr. U.L.M. Eisel dr. R. Havekes prof. dr. M.J.H. Kas
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC), Practisch werk (PRC), Bijeenkomst (S)
Toetsvorm	Practisch werk (PR), Presentatie (P), Schriftelijk tentamen (WE), Tussentoets (IT)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	This course integrates the fields of genetics, molecular biology, behavioural biology, physiology, pharmacology, and neurosciences. Basic knowledge in these four fields is expected as has been taught in the compulsory 1st year courses Genetics, ecology and Evolution; Basic Cell and molecular Biology; Behavioural neurosciences; Molecules of Life; and in the 2nd year course Behavioural Biology. To follow this course, the students need to be able to describe: • Mendel’s laws of the mode of inheritance. Taught in the course “Genetics, ecology and Evolution”. • Molecular Biology techniques for working with nucleic acids: PCR, RT-PCR, Southern, Northern and Western blot. Taught in the course “Basic Cell and molecular Biology, Molecules of Life”. • Structure of the gene: what is a promoter, exons, introns, Open reading Frame, splicing, the genetic code? Taught in the course “Basic Cell and molecular Biology, Genetics, ecology and Evolution”. • Basic neuronal physiology: what is an action potential and what is a neurotransmitter? Taught in the course “Behavioural neurosciences”. Quizzes will be given during the first three lectures to assess that the students have acquired this knowledge (not graded). Powerpoint slides and extra learning material containing reminder of these basic concepts will be posted on Nestor. The lecture slides are posted on Nestor before the lectures allowing the students to refresh their knowledge if needed. Capacity max: 65 students Attendance to the practicals is mandatory. Absence will result in a grade of “0” for the specific practical missed.

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Genes and Evolution

WBLS19003

The course unit will introduce students to population genetic processes in relation to
evolution on the microscale. These principles will be illustrated in computer practicals.
Students will also be introduced to neutral and adaptive evolution, as well as molecular and
genome evolution. Various advanced phylogenetic principles will be explained and illustrated
in computer practicals.
The topics covered in this course unit are:
– population genetic processes (mutation, genetic drift, migration and selection, random
mating, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, linkage, non-random mating, inbreeding)
– selection models (linear selection, overdominance, frequency-dependent selection, selection at various levels, complex selection)
– effects of population genetic processes on the dynamics of genetic variation
– fragmentation, gene flow/migration and genetic differentiation between populations (F-statistics)
– molecular and genomic evolution (intron-exon structure, gene duplication, concerted evolution, transposable elements)
– phylogenetic analysis (neutral theory, molecular clock, coalescence, speciation)
– molecular techniques (microsatellite analysis, analysis of genetic data and structure, DNA sequencing, QTL analysis)

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. B. Wertheim
Docent(en)	prof. dr. L.W. Beukeboom dr. E. Geuverink dr. L.P.W.G.M. Jacobus Mgn Van De Zande prof. dr. B. Wertheim
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC), Practisch werk (PRC), Werkcollege (T)
Toetsvorm	Opdracht (AST), Schriftelijk tentamen (WE)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	The course units assumes prior knowlegde and skills, acquired from the following other course units and/or degree programmes : - Genetics, Ecology & Evolution - Evolutionary Ecology - Research Skills in Ecology & Evolution The course unit prepares for and provides skills usable in the course unit(s) or degree programme(s): Genes & Behaviour, Conservation Biology, Evolution and Development, Evolutionary and Ecological Genomics All practicals (computer & wet-leb) are mandatory. There are no exemptions for students that do a re-sit for the course (i.e. that did not pass the written exam earlier): they need to re-do the practicals & assignments, also if these were passed in an earlier edition of the course. In case of illness or a fail to one practical part, there is an opportunity during the course for repair. Capacity max: 80 students

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Genetics, Ecology and Evolution

WPLS18010

Genetics: Introducing basic principles of genetics and inheritance incl. transmission of genetic information between generations and the genetic basis of traits. Apply basic probability estimates and statistics to inheritance patterns. Topics covered: gene as unit of inheritance, Mendel’s laws, pedigree analysis, multi-allele and -gene inheritance, gene interactions, sex linkage, sex determination, extra-nuclear inheritance, linkage mapping, recombination, chromosome aberrations.

Evolution: Introducing evolutionary theory and thinking. History of evolutionary biology. Concepts of natural selection, adaptation, drift, neutral vs. adaptive evolution. Introduction to microevolutionary processes (measuring genetic variation, processes causing changes in allele frequencies natural and sexual selection, fitness concept fitness). Essentials of speciation process (species concepts and rates, reproductive barriers). Basics of phylogenetics (classification, phylogenetic trees, parsimony, molecular clock). Introduction to macroevolution (origin of life, major transitions, extinctions, radiation), information provided by fossil records and biogeography. Basics of genome evolution (genome size and composition, evo-devo, systems biology).

Ecology: Introducing basic ecological principles and processes. Gain knowledge on effects of the physical environment and environmental change on organismal distribution patterns and community ecology (interaction between organisms, succession, diversity and food webs) and on how these shape behavioural mechanisms and adaptation. Learn how characteristics of individuals affect population processes. Topics covered: species interactions (competition, predation, disease, parasitism), habitat selection, competition (habitat, niche), population regulation, economic decisions, individual, energetics, ontogeny (flexibility, adaptation), mate choice, parental conflict, competing for resources (ideal free, despotic), mating systems, mechanisms underlying trade-offs and constraints, communication, sexual conflict and sexual selection, living in groups (co-operation), health, ageing and senescence, develop and test hypotheses in ecology.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. L.W. Beukeboom
Docent(en)	prof. dr. L.W. Beukeboom dr. L.P.W.G.M. Jacobus Mgn Van De Zande prof. dr. ir. J. Komdeur
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC), Opdracht (ASM)
Toetsvorm	Meerkeuze toets (MC), Opdracht (AST)
ECTS	5
Entreevoorwaarden	None.
Opmerkingen	The course is obligatory for all 1st year Biology and LS&T students. The courses within the bachelor programmes Biology and Life Science & Technology are open to students of those degree programmes only. Students from other degree programmes may be unenrolled. Please contact the academic advisors of Biology/LST first.

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Immunology

WBLS19013

Immunology is the academic discipline that studies all aspects of the immune system. This
course is the introductory course into Immunology. The course will describe the cells of the
Immune System, their development, their organization into tissues, their activation,
differentiation and their interactions that form the basis of the immune response. The course
will introduce the student into the balance between immunity and tolerance. We will discuss
the critical importance of the ability to induce an effective immune response against infectious
pathogens such as viruses or bacteria, as well as the harmful consequences of autoimmune
responses or unnecessary immunity against harmless environmental agents. The Immunology
course aims to provide the student with both knowledge of and insight into the functioning of
the immune system in health and disease.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. G. van den Bogaart
Docent(en)	prof. dr. N.A. Bos prof. dr. P. Heeringa prof. dr. F.G.M. Kroese dr. ir. M.C. Nawijn prof. dr. G. van den Bogaart
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC)
Toetsvorm	Meerkeuze toets (MC)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	Capacity max: 200 students Lectures are not mandatory, but lecture slides are integral part of the study materials for the exam. The course unit prepares for and provides skills usable in the course unit: Immunology and Disease

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Integrative Biology

WBLS19039

In the course Integrative Biology the integration of different organisational levels (molecule, cell, organism and community) and the coupling of function (proximate) and evolution (ultimate) in biological traits will be illustrated by presenting several casusses. These casusses will be taken from very different biological disciplines, i.e. botany, zoology, behaviour, developmental biology. The casusses will also illustrate the interaction between the genotype and the environment and the benefits of taking an interdisciplinary approach in tackling complex biological questions.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. J.T.M. Elzenga
Docent(en)	prof. dr. J.T.M. Elzenga prof. dr. M.E. Maan
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC), Werkcollege (T)
Toetsvorm	Schriftelijk tentamen (WE), Verslag (R)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	Presence during the tutorials is mandatory. For missing a tutorial an alternative assignment (literature review) will be given. Missing more than one group assignment will result in a ‘fail’. The course is mandatory for students in the major Integrative Biology and an optional course for other majors (it is anticipated that these will mainly be from the Ecology and Evolution major) The skills of incorporating interdisciplinarity into problem solving is and essential skill for students that follow the major Integrative Biology, but for other majors as well

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Integrative Neuroscience

WBLS19004

The second year course Integrative Neurosciences aims to deepen understanding of neurobiological mechanisms underlying complex behavior and physiology, of which students have acquired basic knowledge during the first year courses “Behavioural Neuroscience” and “Physiology”. In particular, a deepening of the role of sensory information processing through perception of taste and smell, visual information, proprioception, pain/discomfort, are included in this integration, how these sensory information streams are relayed and underlie complex regulatory mechanisms, including regulation of motivated behaviors, body posture and locomotion, and how these process contribute to consciousness and speech. The nervous system will be viewed from different angles including neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, neuroendocrinology, behavioral physiology, and neuropathology. These subjects are part of neurosciences, which is viewed as an integrated entity. Besides the theoretical background, there is a number of practicals including brain anatomy (BA; of the pig brain), dark adaptation in humans (DA), and taste/smell (TS) in humans, and assessing oestrus cyclicity in rodents (OE).

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. G. van Dijk
Docent(en)	prof. dr. E.A. van der Zee prof. dr. G. van Dijk
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC), Opdracht (ASM), Practisch werk (PRC), Werkcollege (T)
Toetsvorm	Meerkeuze toets (MC), Practisch werk (PR), Presentatie (P), Tussentoets (IT)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	The course Integrative Neuroscience builds on the knowledge gained in the first year courses “Behavioural Neurosciences” and “Physiology, within the degree program of Life Sciences. Integrative Neuroscience prepares students for neurobiological subjects within research courses in the third year of the majors Biomedical Sciences, Behavior and Neurosciences, Molecular Life Sciences and Integrative Biology. It also provides a basis for the master phase. Of the lectures, only the “Introduction” and “ethics on animal experimentation” are mandatory (IT).Students who miss out on mandatory lectures will get an alternative assignment. All practical assignments are mandatory. Students who miss out on practical assignments will have to redo these the next year. The book 'Neuroscience exploring the brain', 4th edition, 2016 by Bear, Connors, Paradiso (ISBN 978-1-4511-0954-2) is not mandatory.

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Lab Course

WPLS18011

Practical:
- VMT, including safety measures for working with microorganisms; sterile handling of cells; use of antibiotics
- Cultivation of cells, including setting up of enrichment cultures; growth in liquid cultures and on solid media, determine growth speed and doubling time in batch culture
- Microscopy and analytical methods, use of phase-contrast microscope; cell counting and serial dilutions; identification of bacteria by phenotypic and genotypic methods
- Activity assays, including measurements of the catalytic activity of enzymes
Experiments will involve SMT & General Microbiological techniques, but will also be linked to the various majors (Molecular Life Sciences, Ecology & Evolution and Medical Biology). Whenever possible,practical data will also be analysed by Biostatistical methods

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. A.J.M. Driessen
Docent(en)	dr. ir. G. Buist dr. E. Geuverink dr. J.A.K.W. Kiel
Onderwijsvorm	Practisch werk (PRC)
Toetsvorm	Verslag (R), Meerkeuze toets (MC), Practisch werk (PR)
ECTS	3
Entreevoorwaarden	The practical is linked to the theoretical Microbiology course, and assumes a basic understanding of the concepts in microbial physiology and ecology taught in that course.
Opmerkingen	Practical activities require that the students are present during the times allocated to the practical and that they carry out the experiments as planned. In case of absence without prior permission and without a demonstrable valid reason, the practical cannot be completed. The courses within the bachelor programmes Biology and Life Science & Technology are open to students of those degree programmes only. Students from other degree programmes may be unenrolled. Please contact the academic advisors of Biology/LST first.

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Medical Physiology

WBLS19040

In this course, students will learn about the normal functioning of the human body, by studying the cardiovascular, respiratory, gastro-intestinal, renal physiology, and the role of neurohumoral regulations. Students will also learn about common disturbances in the normal physiology (disease). Students will be challenged to apply the various physiological concepts in interactive lectures and tutorials in medical problems and during exercise. Furthermore, they will study these concepts in various practicals, studying lung function, cardiovascular function, and exercise physiology.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	dr. H. van Duinen
Docent(en)	dr. P.M. Schoonen dr. H. van Duinen
Onderwijsvorm	Practisch werk (PRC), Bijeenkomst (S), Hoorcollege (LC)
Toetsvorm	Meerkeuze toets (MC), Schriftelijk tentamen (WE), Verslag (R)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	The pass mark for the written exam, the combined results of the essay questions and MC questions, is 5.5. Students only receive their end score, when they have fulfilled the practical test criteria. Practical attendance is obligatory.

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Metabolism

WPLS18013

In this course, the students learn how cells build and preserve themselves, at the biochemical level. Specifically, they will learn the underlying principles how cells absorb, store and recruit energy and nutrients, and convert these nutrients into cell components via metabolic pathways. As careful coordination of these biochemical processes is crucial for cellular function, also the respective regulation mechanisms occurring at various levels will be taught. Finally, in a few lectures, also the key principles of organismal metabolism will be covered.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. M. Heinemann
Docent(en)	prof. dr. B.M. Bakker prof. dr. M. Heinemann
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC), Practisch werk (PRC), Werkcollege (T)
Toetsvorm	Meerkeuze toets (MC), Schriftelijk tentamen (WE)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	The tutorials and the computer practicals are obligatory. Presence will be checked. Digital examination is made up of two parts: The first examination consists of multiple choice questions. Only students who score at least 35% correct (adjusted for chance) on the multiple choice questions are allowed to do the second part of the examination with the open question exam. Students who score less than 35% in part 1, fail the course. The grade for the course is solely based on the score of part 2. In case, students do not obtain at least a 6.0, they need to re-do part 1 and part 2 in the re-exam. For the re-exam the same rules apply. The courses within the bachelor programmes Biology and Life Science & Technology are open to students of those degree programmes only. Students from other degree programmes may be unenrolled. Please contact the academic advisors of Biology/LST first.

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Microbes and Infection

WBLS19041

The course consists of a theoretical and a practical part.

Theoretical part:

The lectures will cover a range of medical aspects of microbiology, such as the structure and classification of bacteria and viruses, replication mechanisms of bacteria and viruses, virulence factors, pathogenesis, relationship with diseases, diagnosis of infectious microorganisms, specific bacterial and viral diseases, zoonosis, prevention (vaccination), antibiotic use and resistance development, antivirals.

Practical part:

Bacteriology: Use of techniques for identification of pathogenic bacteria, determination of bacteria in a mixture. Detection of the regulation and action of different virulence factors. Determination of antibiotic resistance development of different bacterial strains and analysis of the exchange of genetic material responsible for resistance development. Use of genetic analysis for subtyping of potential pathogenic microorganisms within a species.

Virology: Investigation of students’ throat swaps for presence of Epstein Barr virus. Performing a hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition assay for determination of virus and antibody titers to influenza virus. Use of quantitative PCR for the determination of a viral load.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. J.M. Smit
Docent(en)	dr. ir. G. Buist Gastdocent(en)prof. dr. A.L.W. Huckriede
Onderwijsvorm	Opdracht (ASM), Practisch werk (PRC), Werkcollege (T), Hoorcollege (LC)
Toetsvorm	Meerkeuze toets (MC), Practisch werk (PR), Verslag (R)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	Guest lecturers: lecturers of the department Medical Microbiology and Infection prevention Capacity max: 80 students Participation during the practical is mandatory. In case of absence without prior permission and without a valid reason, the practical cannot be completed and no mark will be given.

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Microbiology

WPLS18015

At the end of the course the student has an overview of concepts in microbial physiology and ecology

Theory
- Structure of the Prokaryotic cell, including differences and similarities of bacteria and archaea in build-up of cell wall, lipid membranes and cytoplasmic architecture; structure of main cell components
- Growth of microorganisms, including growth kinetics; auxotrophy and nutrient requirements; growth on surfaces and in solution; environmental factors; microbial communities
- Energy transduction, including basic principles of redox reactions,; substrate-level and oxidative phosphorylation; chemiosmotic theory
- Metabolic diversity, including carbon, nitrogen and sulfur cycle; aerobic versus anaerobic growth; respiration versus fermentation; chemolithotrophy, phototrophy and heterotrophy
- Extremophiles, including ecology of microorganism, metabolic adaptations
- Industrial microbiology, including overflow metabolism, antibiotic production,
- Host-microbe interactions, including pathogenicity, virulence factors, immunity
- Taxonomy, including phylogeny and methods to determine evolutionary relatedness

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. B. Poolman
Docent(en)	prof. dr. A.J.M. Driessen prof. dr. B. Poolman
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC), Werkcollege (T)
Toetsvorm	Meerkeuze toets (MC), Schriftelijk tentamen (WE), Tussentoets (IT)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	The course is linked tot he lab course where students apply the knowledge on general concepts in microbial physiology and ecology, in laboratory experiments. The courses within the bachelor programmes Biology and Life Science & Technology are open to students of those degree programmes only. Students from other degree programmes may be unenrolled. Please contact the academic advisors of Biology/LST first.

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Microbiome

WBLS19042

The microbiome consists of all the microbes in a host or in a specific environment. These microbes may affect a host to their benefit (e.g. symbionts), or their detriment (e.g. in the case of pathogens). The microbes in these environments interact, with each other, the host and the abiotic environment.
In this course you will learn about the microbes and their ecological interactions in different environments and hosts. We will focus specifically on the microbiome of plants, insects and humans, other organisms may be targeted according to the availability of external lecturers.
The aim of the course is to provide an introduction to the concept of the microbiome, as well as microbial interactions and host-microbiome interactions.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. J. Falcao Salles
Docent(en)	dr. ir. M.G.J. de Vos prof. dr. J. Falcao Salles
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC), Opdracht (ASM), Practisch werk (PRC)
Toetsvorm	Mondeling tentamen (OR), Presentatie (P), Verslag (R)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	The course units assumes prior knowlegde and skills, acquired from the following other course units and/or degree programmes: Genetics, Ecology and Evolution; Microbiology, Ecophysiology of Plants and Animals, Evolutionary Ecology, Research Skills in Ecology and Evolution, Research Skills in Life Sciences The course unit if (often) followed by students from the course unit(s) and degree programme(s): Ecology & Evolution, Marine Biology, Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Biomedical Sciences Capacity max: 60 students During the presentations the presence is mandatory. During the lectures the presence is not mandatory, however the grade depends for 10% on student participation during the lectures. An essay needs to be written and handed in.

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Modelling Life

WBLS19014

This course introduces students to the mathematical modelling of biological systems, and covers model development, analysis and interpretation. In order to deal with variation in prior knowledge, students will have an opportunity to identify potential weak spots in their understanding of mathematics, and develop essential baseline skills in a personalized e-learning environment. In the first week of the course, students complete two interim self-evaluation tests, and are assigned to working groups based on their score, to promote effective peer learning.
The new material covered in this course introduces mathematical tools to describe and analyse dynamical interactions and feedback mechanisms in a wide variety of biological systems, including gene-regulation networks, nerve cells, hormonal control mechanism, epidemics of infectious diseases and ecological interactions. Here, we will follow the textbook Modeling Life – The Mathematics of Biological Systems (Garfinkel et al., 2017). Students learn how to develop dynamical models of biological systems and how to determine their dynamical behaviour and equilibrium states, based on an analysis of system trajectories and the underlying vector field. Qualitative (graphical) analysis and simulation are the main tools for generating biological insight; analytical methods are introduced on a need-to-know basis.
Topics covered in this course include: ‘Dynamical modelling and simulation’, ‘Equilibrium behaviour’, ‘Non-equilibrium dynamics: oscillations’, ‘Chaos’ and ‘Multi-variable systems’.
Students prepare for each topic by reading sections of the book, and are introduced to the new material in a lecture. Next, they develop an active understanding of each topic by working on pen-and-paper and computer exercises, both individually and in a working-group setting. For each topic, one of the practical assignments has to be handed in for evaluation. The course is concluded with a written exam.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	dr. G.S. van Doorn
Docent(en)	prof. dr. B.M. Bakker dr. J. Bakker dr. A. Milias Argeitis prof. dr. F.J. Weissing
Onderwijsvorm	Werkcollege (T), Hoorcollege (LC), Opdracht (ASM), Practisch werk (PRC)
Toetsvorm	Opdracht (AST), Schriftelijk tentamen (WE), Tussentoets (IT)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	The course units assumes prior knowledge and skills, acquired from the following other course units and/or degree programmes : High-school mathematics (equivalent to VWO wiskunde A and/or B) The course provides students with broadly applicable quantitative and mathematical analytical skills.

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Molecular Genetics

WBLS19006

This is a follow-up course of the first-year courses Basic Cell and Molecular Biology, and Genetics, Ecology and Evolution. It covers the main concepts of molecular genetic mechanisms in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Genome organization and integrity, DNA damage and repair, homologous- and site-specific recombination, gene regulation plasmid biology, genomics and “omics” techniques will be further deepened, while also the genetic organization and life cycle of retroviruses, temperate and virulent bacteriophages will be dealt with. Resistance mechanisms against bacteriophages and the subsequent development of genetic engineering and gene editing technology (CRISPR-Cas) will be exemplified.
The importance of molecular genetics in developments in Biotechnology, System- and Synthetic Biology and the impact that molecular genetic techniques have in fundamental research, medicine, agriculture and society at large will be discussed.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. J. Kok
Docent(en)	D. Incarnato, PhD.
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC)
Toetsvorm	Schriftelijk tentamen (WE)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	The course units assumes prior knowlegde and skills, acquired from the following other course units and/or degree programmes: First-year courses Basic Cell and Molecular Biology; Genetics, Ecology and Evolution. The course unit prepares for and provides skills usable in the course unit(s) or degree programme(s): Genes and Behaviour; Evolutionary Processes; Bioinformatics; Human Genetics and Genomics; Epigenetics and Gene-editing; Evolutionary Medicine; Evolutionary and Ecological Genomics; Evolutionary medicine; Molecular Biology; Practical Carrousel; Bioanalytical and -omics Techniques

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Molecules of Life

WPLS18016

The basic concepts and knowledge on the topic of (organic) chemistry and biochemistry is covered. This lecture is aimed at supporting other molecular-oriented courses and as a preparation for the lectures in bio-organic chemistry and metabolism.

The following topics are discussed:
1) Molecular structure and bonding
2) Representation of molecular structures
3) Primary, secondary and tertiary structures of proteins
4) Introduction to reactivity and enzymatic reactions
5) Chemical kinetics and thermodynamics
6) Substitution reactions
7) Reactions of carbonyl groups

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	C. Mayer, PhD.
Docent(en)	prof. dr. ir. M.W. Fraaije C. Mayer, PhD.dr. W.C. Szymanski
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC), Werkcollege (T)
Toetsvorm	Schriftelijk tentamen (WE)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	The courses within the bachelor programmes Biology and Life Science & Technology are open to students of those degree programmes only. Students from other degree programmes may be unenrolled. Please contact the academic advisors of Biology/LST first.

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Neurobiology of Ageing

WBLS19044

This course will provide a general introduction to the evolution of ageing, and will then focus on the neurobiology of ageing (brain ageing). It will include a more detailed introduction to brain ageing at the genetic, molecular, cellular, systemic, and behavioural level. Concepts of pathological and non-pathological ageing are discussed. Consequences of brain ageing for cognition, neurophysiology, nutrition, and signal transduction pathways are dealt with. In addition, topics such as blood flow and neuroinflammation will be taught in more detail. In addition it will address, among others, the following questions: Why do we age? What is the impact of (traumatic) early life events on brain ageing? How can we slow down brain ageing, and how do we recognize brain ageing? Can it be reversed if we know the underlying mechanisms? At what age does brain ageing start, and is this different for males and females?
Is it lifestyle-dependent? Hence, this course will provide a broad overview of issues that play a key role in brain ageing, its functional consequences and the underlying mechanisms. It will address both human and animal research in an integrated fashion.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. E.A. van der Zee
Docent(en)	Dr. R.G. Schoemaker prof. dr. E.A. van der Zee prof. dr. G. van Dijk prof. dr. S. Verhulst
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC), Opdracht (ASM), Practisch werk (PRC)
Toetsvorm	Meerkeuze toets (MC), Opdracht (AST), Practisch werk (PR)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	Basic knowledge of Neurosciences is mandatory. The course unit if (often) followed by students from the course unit(s) and degree programme(s): Behavioural Neurosciences (first-year course) and Integrative Neurobiology (second-year course). Capacity max: 150 students The practicals are mandatory. The two practicals are both done on a PC. Via a Nestor-link the students go through the program with a variety of tasks the students have to do. If a student misses a practical (or both), a second options is provided at the end of the course. If a practical is still not performed, an extra literature assignment can replace the missing practical (depending on the reason why the student missed all other options). The final consequence for missing out the practical(s) and a potential extra assignment is to retry it next year.

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Physiology

WPLS18017

In the course students acquire knowledge on anatomy and physiology of the human body. They learn how information from multiple levels of organization, ranging from molecules to cells, tissues, organs and organ systems and at the level of the whole organism is integrated in order to serve an adaptive behavioural and bodily response to various internal and external demands. In the lectures several items will be addressed like 1) homeostasis and control mechanisms, 2) the autonomic nervous system, 3) the central nervous system, 4) respiration, 5) cardiovascular system, 6) kidneys, blood volume and water balance, 7) muscles, 8) digestive system, 9) regulation of energy balance, 10) endocrine control of growth, stress and metabolism, 11) reproduction and development. The theoretical information in these lectures is completed with components of the tutorial programme of MasteringAandP, available from the website of the publisher of the used textbook Human Physiology (7th ed. by Dee Unglaub Silverthorn). Students gain access to this website by buying the recommended textbook. Furthermore, the theoretical information in the lectures and tutorials is combined and applied in practicals on the anatomy of male and female mammals (rattus norvegicus), the anatomy of the heart (calf) and in a practical on regulation of own heart rate and blood pressure in which students study the cardiovascular response to and recovery from exercise and postural changes (Biopac).

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	dr. B. Buwalda
Docent(en)	dr. B. Buwalda dr. B.J. Riedstra prof. dr. A.J.W. Scheurink
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC), Practisch werk (PRC)
Toetsvorm	Meerkeuze toets (MC), Practisch werk (PR)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	For the final grade of the course the average score of theory (MC exam; 70%) and practicals (30%) needs to be higher than 5.5. For the multiple choice exam students have to score at least a grade of 5.0. This can be compensated by the score on the practicals where also at least a 5.0 has to be obtained. Practicals are mandatory. Reason of absence has to be mailed a.s.a.p. to b.j.riedstra@rug.nl (practical coordinator) after which re-sit is scheduled. If re-sit is also missed and/or reason for absence was not explained in a satisfactory way the student does not pass the course. Ultimate consequence is that the student takes the missed course elements a year later. The courses within the bachelor programmes Biology and Life Science & Technology are open to students of those degree programmes only. Students from other degree programmes may be unenrolled. Please contact the academic advisors of Biology/LST first.

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Psychobiology

WBLS19045

The lectures discuss the following topics from the textbook:
• Brain states of waking, sleep and dreaming
• Stress and stress disorders
• Emotions and affective disorders
• Ingestive behaviour, anorexia and obesity
• Drug abuse

During the problem-based learning part of this course, groups of eight students will independently study specific psychobiological questions that are most often connected to the main lectures. They will conduct a literature survey, formulate a specific research question, write a research proposal and prepare an oral presentation about their subject.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	dr. P. Meerlo
Docent(en)	dr. B. Buwalda dr. S.F. de Boer dr. R. Havekes dr. P. Meerlo prof. dr. J.D.A. Olivier prof. dr. A.J.W. Scheurink
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	The courses within the bachelor programmes Biology and Life Science & Technology are open to students of those degree programmes only. Students from other degree programmes may be unenrolled. Please contact the academic advisors of Biology/LST first.

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Research Skills in Life Sciences 1

WPLS18021

In the course, students learn academic as well as practical skills in the Life Sciences. The academic skills focus on the critical reading and interpretation of scientific research papers using primary research literature distributed over topics representing three majors in the bachelor programme: Biomedical Sciences, Behaviour & Neurosciences and Molecular Life Sciences. Students can express preference for one of the topics which all share the same learning goals. Assignment will be based, on personal preference as well as capacity. The topics focus on 1) the cardiovascular system/heart failure; 2) neural regulation of social behavior; and 3) molecular aspects of Parkinson Disease. The training of academic skills will take 4 weeks. During several lectures students will receive background information on the topics in the academic skills block. During tutorials, students learn to distinguish structure - elements such as motive, purpose, arguments and conclusions - in the text of research papers using the Scientific Argumentation Model (SAM). After approximately 3 weeks of each ‘reading’ block, the knowledge of the students on the topic will be tested in an exam (multiple choice). In the final week of the block, students will be tested via individual presentations on their ability to quickly read, summarize and comment on a paper. Other tasks may form part of the assignments.
In the practical part of the course, students will become familiar with different molecular biology techniques, and apply principles learned during theoretical courses from the 1st year. The student will solve an authentic problem: i.e. producing vanillin in an environmentally friendly and cheap way. To this end, the students develop an expression vector and produce a recombinant enzyme. In the second week they purify the enzyme and characterize it. The students will also design and perform necessary experiments to produce the highest amount of vanillin by using the enzyme that they prepared.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. D.J. Scheffers
Docent(en)	dr. J.H. Buikema dr. B. Buwalda dr. S.F. de Boer prof. dr. R.H. Henning prof. dr. J.L. Hillebrands prof. dr. A. Kortholt dr. M.H.K. Linskens prof. dr. D.J. Scheffers dr. H. van Duinen
Onderwijsvorm	Practisch werk (PRC), Werkcollege (T), Hoorcollege (LC), Opdracht (ASM)
Toetsvorm	Meerkeuze toets (MC)
ECTS	2
Entreevoorwaarden	No prior knowlegde required.
Opmerkingen	Each block has its own coordinator: - Prof. dr. D.J. Scheffers (Parkison block); - Dr. B. Buwalda (Neuro block); - Dr. J.H. Buikema (Cardiovascular block). Practical is mandatory; missing out too many hours (as deemed by instructors) will result in having to redo the practicals. Tutorials are mandatory; the likelihood of different timeslots for the same tutorial may allow taking the tutorial with another group. Missing two or more tutorials will result in failing the course. This course is divided into three courses of 2, 3 and 5 ECTS. In order to pass this course, you will have to obtain 3 results. These results will be registered in Progress as following: Research Skills in Life Sciences 1 Course code: WPLS18021 ECTS: 2 Research Skills in Life Sciences 2 Course code: WPLS18022 ECTS: 3 Research Skills in Life Sciences 3 Course code: WPLS18023 ECTS: 5 The courses within the bachelor programmes Biology and Life Science & Technology are open to students of those degree programmes only. Students from other degree programmes may be unenrolled. Please contact the academic advisors of Biology/LST first.

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Research Skills in Life Sciences 2

WPLS18022

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. D.J. Scheffers
Docent(en)	dr. J.H. Buikema dr. B. Buwalda dr. S.F. de Boer prof. dr. R.H. Henning prof. dr. J.L. Hillebrands prof. dr. A. Kortholt dr. M.H.K. Linskens prof. dr. D.J. Scheffers dr. H. van Duinen
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC), Opdracht (ASM), Practisch werk (PRC), Werkcollege (T)
Toetsvorm	Practisch werk (PR)
ECTS	3
Entreevoorwaarden	No prior knowlegde required.
Opmerkingen	Each block has its own coordinator: - Prof. dr. D.J. Scheffers (Parkison block); - Dr. B. Buwalda (Neuro block); - Dr. J.H. Buikema (Cardiovascular block). Practical is mandatory; missing out too many hours (as deemed by instructors) will result in having to redo the practicals. Tutorials are mandatory; the likelihood of different timeslots for the same tutorial may allow taking the tutorial with another group. Missing two or more tutorials will result in failing the course. This course is divided into three courses of 2, 3 and 5 ECTS. In order to pass this course, you will have to obtain 3 results. These results will be registered in Progress as following: Research Skills in Life Sciences 1 Course code: WPLS18021 ECTS: 2 Research Skills in Life Sciences 2 Course code: WPLS18022 ECTS: 3 Research Skills in Life Sciences 3 Course code: WPLS18023 ECTS: 5 The courses within the bachelor programmes Biology and Life Science & Technology are open to students of those degree programmes only. Students from other degree programmes may be unenrolled. Please contact the academic advisors of Biology/LST first.

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Research Skills in Life Sciences 3

WPLS18023

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. D.J. Scheffers
Docent(en)	dr. J.H. Buikema dr. B. Buwalda dr. S.F. de Boer prof. dr. R.H. Henning prof. dr. J.L. Hillebrands prof. dr. A. Kortholt dr. M.H.K. Linskens prof. dr. D.J. Scheffers dr. H. van Duinen
Onderwijsvorm	Opdracht (ASM), Practisch werk (PRC), Werkcollege (T), Hoorcollege (LC)
Toetsvorm	Presentatie (P)
ECTS	5
Entreevoorwaarden	No prior knowlegde required.
Opmerkingen	Each block has its own coordinator: - Prof. dr. D.J. Scheffers (Parkison block); - Dr. B. Buwalda (Neuro block); - Dr. J.H. Buikema (Cardiovascular block). Practical is mandatory; missing out too many hours (as deemed by instructors) will result in having to redo the practicals. Tutorials are mandatory; the likelihood of different timeslots for the same tutorial may allow taking the tutorial with another group. Missing two or more tutorials will result in failing the course. This course is divided into three courses of 2, 3 and 5 ECTS. In order to pass this course, you will have to obtain 3 results. These results will be registered in Progress as following: Research Skills in Life Sciences 1 Course code: WPLS18021 ECTS: 2 Research Skills in Life Sciences 2 Course code: WPLS18022 ECTS: 3 Research Skills in Life Sciences 3 Course code: WPLS18023 ECTS: 5 The courses within the bachelor programmes Biology and Life Science & Technology are open to students of those degree programmes only. Students from other degree programmes may be unenrolled. Please contact the academic advisors of Biology/LST first.

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