Ocasys: Ocasys: Online Onderwijscatalogus

Rijksuniversiteit Groningen

Hieronder staan het programma en de vakomschrijvingen van BSc Biology: major Biomedical Sciences Klik op de naam van een vak in een schema om naar de omschrijving te gaan.

Periode	Type	Code	Naam	Taal	ECTS	Uren
» Jaar 1
semester I a	verplicht	WPLS18001	Basic Cell and Molecular Biology	Engels	5
	verplicht	WPLS18010	Genetics, Ecology and Evolution	Engels	5
	verplicht	WPLS18017	Physiology	Engels	5
semester I b	verplicht	WPLS18005	Biostatistics 1	Engels	5
	verplicht	WPLS18009	First Year Symposium	Engels	2
	verplicht	WPLS18011	Lab Course	Engels	3
	verplicht	WPLS18015	Microbiology	Engels	5
semester II a	verplicht	WPLS18002	Behavioural Neurosciences	Engels	5
	verplicht	WPLS18006	Cell Biology and Immunology	Engels	5
	verplicht	WPLS18016	Molecules of Life	Engels	5
semester II b	verplicht	WPLS18013	Metabolism	Engels	5
	verplicht	WPLS18021	Research Skills in Life Sciences 1	Engels	2
	verplicht	WPLS18022	Research Skills in Life Sciences 2	Engels	3
	verplicht	WPLS18023	Research Skills in Life Sciences 3	Engels	5

Opmerkingen	Biology and Life Science & Technology course units are accessible for students of those degree programmes only. Students from other degree programmes who would like to participate in our course units should contact one of our academic advisors before registration. Failing to contact them may result in de-registration without notification.
» Jaar 2
Periode	Type	Code	Naam	Taal	ECTS	Uren
semester I a	verplicht	WBLS19001	Bioinformatics	Engels	5
	verplicht	WBLS19006	Molecular Genetics	Engels	5
	keuzegroep A	WBLS19004	Integrative Neuroscience	Engels	5
	keuzegroep A	WBLS19005	Medical Structural Biology	Engels	5
semester I b	verplicht	WBLS19012	Host-microbe Interactions	Engels	5
	verplicht	WBLS19013	Immunology	Engels	5
	verplicht	WBLS19014	Modelling Life	Engels	5
semester II a	keuzegroep B	WBLS19026	Food and Metabolism	Engels	5
	keuzegroep B	WBLS19028	Immunology and Disease	Engels	5
	keuzegroep B	WBLS19030	Medical Cell Biology	Engels	5
	keuzegroep C	WBLS19017	Biology of Cancer	Engels	5
	keuzegroep C	WBLS19024	Evolutionary Medicine	Engels	5
	keuzegroep C	WBLS19027	Human Genetics and Genomics	Engels	5
	keuzegroep D	WBLS19015	Big Data in Human Disease	Engels	5
	keuzegroep D	WBLS19021	Endocrinology	Engels	5
	keuzegroep D	WBLS19022	Epigenetics and Gene-editing	Engels	5
semester II b	verplicht	WBLS19033	Biology & Society: Ethical and Professional Aspects	Engels	5
	keuzegroep E	WBLS19035	Cardiovascular Disease	Engels	5
	keuzegroep E	WBLS19043	Molecular Research in Human Disease	Engels	5
	keuzegroep E	WBLS19044	Neurobiology of Ageing	Engels	5
	keuzegroep F	WBLS19034	Bio-organic Chemistry	Engels	5
	keuzegroep F	WBLS19038	Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Differentiation and Development	Engels	5
	keuzegroep F	WBLS19040	Medical Physiology	Engels	5
	keuzegroep F	WBLS19041	Microbes and Infection	Engels	5

Opmerkingen	Please note the following: 1. Third-year course units of the newly developed curriculum will be added in the summer of 2020 at the latest. 2. Biology and Life Science & Technology course units are accessible for students of those degree programmes only. Students from other degree programmes who would like to participate in our course units should contact one of our academic advisors before registration. Failing to contact them may result in de-registration without notification.

Toon korte vakomschrijvingen

Basic Cell and Molecular Biology

WPLS18001

During the course the basic processes of cell biology and molecular biology will be addressed. The cell biology lectures include topics like cell membranes, cell compartments, vesicle transport inside the cell, cell cycle, and mitosis and meiosis. The molcular biology lectures include topics like DNA structure and replication, RNA and transcription, protein synthesis, gene expression and basic recombinant DNA techniques.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	dr. M.H.K. Linskens
Docent(en)	dr. M.H.K. Linskens prof. dr. P.J.M. van Haastert
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC), Werkcollege (T)
Toetsvorm	Meerkeuze toets (MC)
ECTS	5
Entreevoorwaarden	No prior knowlegde required.

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Behavioural Neurosciences

WPLS18002

Lectures:
Basic course unit which covers the structure of the central nervous system, the fundamental connection between the brain and behavior in relation to, learning and memory, sleep, sexual differentiation, sensory systems and the timing of behavior. The course also covers the basic principles of common central nervous system disorders. Practicals:
Anatomy of the healthy human brain and brain of Alzheimer patients (NB: no dissection practical), analysis of learning behavior in animals, pharmacological manipulation of learning behavior, personality tests in humans related to lateralization of the brain.

Knowledge:
Students will understand and be able to reproduce the basic principles of the structure of the brain, the basic principles of behavior, and will be able to make functional relations between brain structures and behavioral processes. Students will also be trained to reproduce basic brain and behavioral principles related to the working of the following sensory systems: the visual system, the ear, and the vestibular system. The students will also be able to recognize some common behavioral and central nervous system disorders.

Skills and Training:
Students will be trained in analyzing data and writing short summaries.

End terms knowledge:
To understand and reproduce the basic principles of the anatomy and function of the brain. To reproduce the functional relationship between some of the sensory systems, behavior, and brain structures.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	dr. R. Havekes
Docent(en)	dr. R. Havekes dr. P.R.A. Heckman prof. dr. R.A. Hut dr. B.J. Riedstra prof. dr. E.A. van der Zee
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC), Practisch werk (PRC), Werkcollege (T)
Toetsvorm	Meerkeuze toets (MC), Verslag (R)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	Both the exam and practical grade need to be a 5.5 or higher to pass the course. Attendance requirement: introductory lecture and all labs including the lab tutorials The courses within the bachelor programmes Biology and Life Science & Technology are open to students of those degree programmes only. Students from other degree programmes may be unenrolled. Please contact the academic advisors of Biology/LST first.

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Big Data in Human Disease

WBLS19015

The development of high-throughput technologies has advanced biomedical research at an
unprecedented speed. Life scientists are starting to generate and have an access to massive data
sets. It is a big challenge for biologists to handle and process big data, conduct analysis and
interpret results. For the next-generation biologists and biomedical researcher, big data analysis
has become critically important.
This course is designed to fit the trend of big data science in biological and medical field and to
meet the need to develop students’ skills in “big data science”.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. J. Yang-Fu
Docent(en)	Guest lecturer dr. S. Sanna, PhD.prof. dr. J. Yang-Fu prof. dr. A.P. Zhernakova
Onderwijsvorm	Practisch werk (PRC), Werkcollege (T), Hoorcollege (LC), Opdracht (ASM)
Toetsvorm	Opdracht (AST), Presentatie (P)
ECTS	5
Entreevoorwaarden	Prior knowledge on biology and statistics are necessary.
Opmerkingen	Guest lecturers: Dr V. Jumar and Dr A. Kurilshikov Students from this course can develop skills usable for Integrative Biology, Microbiome, Molecular Research in Human disease and specific courses on complex diseases, like Cardiovacular diseases, Neurobiology of Ageing. In addition to that, skills will be also useful for bachelor thesis projects. Capacity min: 10 max: 20

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Bioinformatics

WBLS19001

This course presents an introduction to bioinformatics, to bioinformatics tools and databases.
The databases used in the course are those in which genomes, genes, mRNAs, proteins, protein patterns, gene variants and gene/protein expression are stored. The bioinformatics tools will be used to perform sequence alignments, create phylogenetic trees, predict genes/exons/introns, meta-genomics, and to model biological processes on the basis of -omics datasets.
Furthermore, databases will be used to study genetic variation and complex diseases.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. J. Kok
Docent(en)	dr. A. de Jong Gastdocent(en)prof. dr. M. Heinemann D. Incarnato, PhD.prof. dr. J. Kok dr. A.M.W.H. Thunnissen
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC), Werkcollege (T)
Toetsvorm	Tussentoets (IT), Opdracht (AST)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	Basic genetics and statistics knowledge, as acquired in the first year of the BSc Biology and LST, is expected. The course unit prepares for and provides skills usable in the course units or/and degree programme: Big Data Management in Human Disease; Human Genetics and Genomics; Molecular Biology; Practical Carrousel; Bioanalytical and -omics Techniques; Programming for the Life Sciences

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Biology & Society: Ethical and Professional Aspects

WBLS19033

The course allows the students to develop a critical, responsible and professional attitude towards their own role as a scientist and the consequences of their actions in a broader societal context. Students will be engaged into thinking about scientific and innovative practices that can address the global challenges of our time in a collaborative, ethical and sustainable way. To understand the relations between biology and society a number of basic elements from ethics, philosophy of science, innovation and policy making will be introduced. Students will practice applying these elements in (the assessment of) debates, controversies and cases related to the large societal challenges of our time, including themes such as responsible research and innovation, sustainability, and the role of science, business and policy in this. To demonstrate these aspects, an excursion to a company or policy organization is also part of this course. This course is examined with a multiple choice exam and a paper that students write in groups of four students. In this paper students need to apply the content of the course to a specific topic at the interface of biology and society.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	J. Zevenberg
Docent(en)	drs. S. Grooters dr. H.A.J. Mulder dr. H.J. van der Windt J. Zevenberg
Onderwijsvorm	Opdracht (ASM), Werkcollege (T), Bijeenkomst (S), Hoorcollege (LC)
Toetsvorm	Meerkeuze toets (MC), Opdracht (AST), Presentatie (P), Verslag (R)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	The excursion, tutorials and the appointments with the TA are mandatory. In case of missing out of them without sufficient reason, a replacement assignments has to be made.

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Biology of Cancer

WBLS19017

During this course we will discuss in the lectures: carcinogenesis, cancer stem cells, the role of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, the large variety of subtypes within hematological and solid tumors, the signaling pathways active in different tumor types, genetic regulation of these molecular pathways (epigenetics, miRNA), DNA damage response, the tumormicroenvironment , the process of metastasis, tumor immunology, therapeutic strategies to inhibit tumor growth, development of cancer drugs, development of clinically relevant cancer models, and clinical cancer research.
Each group of 4-5 students will investigate an interesting oncogene or tumor suppressor gene using publicly available databases. Normal function of the gene of interest, its role in cancer, in which cancer type the gene plays a role, which mutations are found in this cancer gene and how we can use this knowledge for treatment strategies. Results are presented during a poster session.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. S. de Jong
Docent(en)	dr. M. de Bruyn Guest lecturer prof. dr. F.A.E. Kruyt prof. dr. K. Poelstra prof. dr. J.J. Schuringa prof. dr. M.A.T.M. van Vugt
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC), Opdracht (ASM), Werkcollege (T)
Toetsvorm	Meerkeuze toets (MC), Presentatie (P)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	Other (guest) lecturers Dr. Rudolf Fehrmann, Dr. Bea Wisman, Prof.dr. Anke van den Berg. The course units assumes prior knowlegde and skills, acquired from the following other course units and/or degree programmes : Basic Cell and Molecular Biology The course unit prepares for and provides skills usable in the course unit(s) or degree programme(s): Oncology Research (year 3 course) Capacity max: 100

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Bio-organic Chemistry

WBLS19034

The aim of this course is to gain insight in a number of important reactivity principles in Bio-organic Chemistry. A focal point is the understanding and the application of several reaction types that form the basis of cell metabolism, and to get insight in the structure and reactivity of molecules. Function and reactivity of molecules is discussed in the context of the living cell.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. M.D. Witte
Docent(en)	M.T.C. Walvoort, PhD.prof. dr. M.D. Witte
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC), Werkcollege (T)
Toetsvorm	Schriftelijk tentamen (WE)
ECTS	5
Entreevoorwaarden	No mandatory prerequisites.
Opmerkingen	The courses within the bachelor programmes Biology and Life Science & Technology are open to students of those degree programmes only. Students from other degree programmes may be unenrolled. Please contact the academic advisors of Biology/LST first. The final mark is the mark of the exam. It is estimated that 50% of the exam is testing whether the student can reproduce the content of the course, 40% whether the student can apply the content (solving problems), and 10% whether the student has deeper insight and abstraction. The book and answer book will be available through the student unions and is identical to the book used for Molecules & Reactivity. It is not permitted to take this course unit together with Pharmaceutical Biosynthesis (WBFA16005, Pharmacy) in a single Bachelor’s programme because of too much overlap in the curriculum.

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Biostatistics 1

WPLS18005

The course Biostatistics 1 introduces students to the statistical analysis of biological research data. The course is structured in 11 modules that cover the following topics: descriptive statistics, sources of variation and error propagation, correlation and regression, probability theory, test theory and experimental design, chi-squared tests for goodness-of-fit and independence, confidence intervals, comparisons between two samples, analysis of variance and bayesian statistics. The final module is dedicated to a review and summary of the course, in order to prepare students for the final (written) exam.
Each module starts with two lecture hours, followed by one hour study time or a short working group to digest or discuss the material in the course manual. Students then work for four hours on pen-and-paper and computer exercises, where they learn to apply their new knowledge to problems taken from biological research practice. Solutions to a subset of the pen-and-paper and computer exercises have to be handed in at the end of each practical; these are evaluated by the teaching-assistants. Students receive feedback from their teaching assistant at the next practical, as well as worked-out solutions of all exercises.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. S. Verhulst
Docent(en)	dr. J. Bakker dr. A. Milias Argeitis prof. dr. S. Verhulst
Onderwijsvorm	Werkcollege (T), Hoorcollege (LC), Practisch werk (PRC)
Toetsvorm	Practisch werk (PR), Schriftelijk tentamen (WE)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	The hand-in exercises at the pen-and-paper and computer practicals are evaluated on a three-point scale (insufficient, sufficient, good). Students pass the course if their score for the written exam is at least 8.0, or if their exam score is at least 5.5 and no more than 30% of their hand-in exercises were evaluated as insufficient. Attendance of the pen-and-paper and computer practicals is mandatory for the first 10 course modules. Unapproved absence results in an automatic insufficient score for the hand-in exercises of that practical. Students have a limited opportunity to compensate insufficient scores at the (facultative) practical of the final module (course review and exam preparation). The courses within the bachelor programmes Biology and Life Science & Technology are open to students of those degree programmes only. Students from other degree programmes may be unenrolled. Please contact the academic advisors of Biology/LST first.

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Cardiovascular Disease

WBLS19035

During the course, students are introduced to the key mechanisms in the development of the heart and blood vessels as well as basic knowledge on the development of major cardiovascular diseases, e.g. cardiac failure, atherosclerosis, sepsis, and vasculitis. In addition, students will be informed on the basics of (therapeutic) regeneration in the cardiovascular system by stem cells or cell-specific therapy.

The course schedule holds lectures in the morning (9.00 – 12.00h) and room for assignments or self-study (both 2-3 days/week) in the afternoon. The assignments consist of the study of a cardiovascular disease and the design of a new therapeutic approach. Assignments are supervised by experts in the field.

In the first week of the course, the development of heart and blood vessels is discussed.
Lecture themes are as follows:
Development of the vascular System,
Functioning of the vascular system,
Development and functioning of the heart, and
Regeneration in the cardiovascular system.

In the second week of the course, the development and treatment of major cardiovascular diseases are discussed. Lecture themes are as follows:
Inflammation in the vasculature: Vasculitis, Diseases of the heart: Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiac Failure, Diseases of the blood vessels: Atherosclerosis and vessel remodeling, and Septic shock and multi-organ failure.

In the third week, the assignments are presented during a poster symposium and a digital exam will be taken.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	dr. G. Krenning
Docent(en)	dr. J.H. Buikema Guest lecturer prof. dr. M.C. Harmsen prof. dr. P. Heeringa prof. dr. J.L. Hillebrands dr. J.A.A.M. Kamps dr. G. Krenning dr. A. Rutgers dr. H.H.W. Sillje
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC), Opdracht (ASM), Werkcollege (T)
Toetsvorm	Meerkeuze toets (MC), Opdracht (AST), Presentatie (P), Tussentoets (IT)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	Other (guest) lecturers: Dr. M. (Matijs) van Meurs, Dr. J. (Jill) Moser. Presence during (parts of) the course is mandatory For the poster assignment, there are four (4) mandatory feedback sessions with experts in the field. Missing out of mandatory sessions (without proper cause) will result in a failing mark on the assignment. Capacity max: 32 students

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Cell Biology and Immunology

WPLS18006

During the course the basic processes of cell biology and and an introduction in the basic principles and concepts of immunology will be addressed. The cell biology lectures follow up on the course basic cell biology and molecular biology, and include topics like signal transduction, cell-cell communication, cytoskeleton, cell movement, cell cycle, cell death, multicellular development, tissue homeostasis, stem cells and cancer. The immunology lectures start with a short history of immunity after which basic principles of immunity, innate immunity, acquired immunity, immune response pathways to bacteria and virusses, and disorders of the immunesystem will be addressed. The immunology part includes a magistral lecture on dendritic cells, and e-learning assignment on inflammation.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. P.J.M. van Haastert
Docent(en)	prof. dr. P. Heeringa prof. dr. G. van den Bogaart prof. dr. H. van Goor prof. dr. P.J.M. van Haastert
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC), Opdracht (ASM)
Toetsvorm	Meerkeuze toets (MC), Opdracht (AST)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	The course expects prior knowledge from Basic cell biology and molecular biology (WPLS18001). \ The exam consists of 40 multiple questions. Each question is valued equally. To pass a 55% knowledge level has to be attained (in this case, a minimum of 28 questions have to be answered correctly). The e-learning module is mandatory to obtain the grade. The courses within the bachelor programmes Biology and Life Science & Technology are open to students of those degree programmes only. Students from other degree programmes may be unenrolled. Please contact the academic advisors of Biology/LST first.

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Endocrinology

WBLS19021

The course consist of lectures and writing an essay.

In the lectures, we will focus on various endocrine systems and how they influence the individuals physiology.
Endocrine systems that we focus on will amongst others be:
- Thyroid and parathyroid
- Hormones of the gastrointestinal tract
- Hormones of the pancreas
- Hormones of the adrenal gland
- Endocrinology of reproduction

Next to this we will focus on how endocrine systems adapt to different circumstances, such as exercise or stress, but also to pregnancy.
Human reproduction will be taught in more detail, since we will focus on the development of the human placenta (the biggest endocrine organ) and we will look into differences in placentas in different animals. The changes in endocrine systems during pregnancy will be discussed as well as the development of male and female sex organs.
We will try to schedule 1 or 2 clinical lectures, in which clinicians show endocrinology from the clinical site.

Essay: all students write an essay on an endocrine subject. Essays will be written in couples.
Students can choose from a list of subjects or bring in their own subject. In the beginning of the course, students can register for a subject via nestor. All essays will be published on the website as an online book.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	dr. M.M. Faas
Docent(en)	prof. dr. E.J.M.M. Arts dr. M.M. Faas prof. dr. T. Plosch prof. dr. A.J.W. Scheurink
Onderwijsvorm	Werkcollege (T), Hoorcollege (LC), Opdracht (ASM)
Toetsvorm	Meerkeuze toets (MC), Opdracht (AST)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	The course units assumes prior knowlegde and skills, acquired from the following other course units and/or degree programmes : Physiology (1ste year biology) Other (guest) lecturers: Prof Dr T.P. Links, Dr van der Werf, Dr Smink, Prof Dr J.J.H.M. Erwich, Dr E.G.J.M. Arts Capacity max: 100 students

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Epigenetics and Gene-editing

WBLS19022

Based in part on developments in genomics, both Epigenetics and Gene Editing are rapidly entering the clinical arena. This course will guide the student from understanding basic principles in epigenetics and gene expression regulation, cellular differentiation and dedifferentiation to clinical applications of epigenetic drugs, induced pluripotent stem cells and cellular reprogramming by (CRISPR/Cas-based) gene targeting approaches.

From one DNA molecule to numerous cell types: molecular epigenetics
Although cells in individual organisms contain the same DNA, different gene expression programs underlie the many different cell identities. Molecular epigenetics marks and mechanisms associated with this process of gene expression control and epigenetic memory will be discussed, as well as opportunities of epigenetics in disease diagnosis and treatment.

From one fertilized egg to a complete organism: the example of neurons
All organisms arise from one single fertilized egg. This process of differentiation and memory will be explained with a special focus on neuronal differentiation. External stimuli interfering with embryonal development will be discussed as well as examples of (neurodegenerative) diseases associated with epigenetic dysregulation.

From one differentiated cell to any other cell type: cellular reprogramming
Only three factors are required to dedifferentiate cells to “induced Pluripotent Stem Cells” (iPSCs). From this pluripotent state, cells can be reprogrammed into another cell type. This process and the clinical applications will be discussed.

From a diseased cell state to a healthy cell status: gene targeting to correct or compensate for genetic or epigenetic mutations
In 2012, CRISPR/Cas was introduced as a precise tool to engineer genomes and epigenomes.
This technology has revolutionized biomedical research and approaches ranging from engineered cells and transgenic animals to therapeutic possibilities will be presented.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. M.G. Rots
Docent(en)	prof. dr. R.A. Bank prof. dr. B.J.L. Eggen prof. dr. ir. F. Foijer prof. dr. J.D.A. Olivier prof. dr. M.G. Rots
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC)
Toetsvorm	Meerkeuze toets (MC)
ECTS	5
Entreevoorwaarden	The course units assumes prior knowlegde and skills, acquired from the following other course units: Basic Cell & Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Immunology, Molecular Genetics
Opmerkingen	The course unit prepares for and provides skills usable in the course unit(s) or degree programme(s): prepares for Master BioMedical Sciences

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Evolutionary Medicine

WBLS19024

We normally think of evolution as optimizing the phenotype of an animal so that it is well-adapted to its environment. So, the existence of diseases such as influenza, cancer or HIV are a puzzle. The course will investigate why and how diseases which are obviously harmful persist over evolutionary timescales?

This course will give a broad overview where ecological and evolutionary thinking can advance the understanding of human health and disease. We will cover a range of topics including:

● A review of evolutionary genetics and dynamics
● The co-evolution of parasites and hosts
● Evolution of the immune system
● Evolution and origin of human infectious diseases
● Evolution of virulence – why are some infectious diseases fatal and others so mild that they are barely noticed?
● Evolution of sexually transmitted diseases
● The evolution of antibacterial and antimicrobial resistance
● Microbiota and human health
● Evolutionary processes operating in during cancer development
● The evolution of aging and diseases of old age
● The evolution of human reproductive disorders and pregnancy complications
● Applied evolution – can we make malaria extinct?

The course is suitable for any student interested in evolution and ecology or a biomedical field.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	dr. ir. M.G.J. de Vos
Docent(en)	dr. ir. M.G.J. de Vos M.G. Elliot, PhD.
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC), Opdracht (ASM), Practisch werk (PRC)
Toetsvorm	Meerkeuze toets (MC), Opdracht (AST), Schriftelijk tentamen (WE)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	Practical sessions are mandatory. Missing a session without good reason will result in a 10% downgrade. The Evolutionary Medicine course is part of the “Ecology and Evolution” and “Integrative Biology” specializations. The course will be closely integrated with the following course units: Evolutionary Processes; Evolution and Development; Genes and Behaviour.

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First Year Symposium

WPLS18009

Students will prepare a poster about a scientific topic, which will be presented at the First Year Symposium (during last week of period Ib). During period Ia, a choice can be made from a large offering of topics with a scientific question. For each topic a staff member will act as a tutor. Groups of 3-4 students each will research the assigned topic with the help of a staff-tutor, and prepare a scientific poster which will address the scientific question. Students will get instructions on how to access and interpret scientific literature, and on how to prepare a scientific poster. At the end of the first semester students will present the poster during the symposium, and will peer-review a poster from another group.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	dr. M.H.K. Linskens
Docent(en)	Guest lecturer dr. M.H.K. Linskens
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC), Opdracht (ASM), Practisch werk (PRC), Werkcollege (T)
Toetsvorm	Presentatie (P)
ECTS	2
Opmerkingen	Performing and handing in a peer review during symposium is mandatory to obtain the grade. The courses within the bachelor programmes Biology and Life Science & Technology are open to students of those degree programmes only. Students from other degree programmes may be unenrolled. Please contact the academic advisors of Biology/LST first.

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Food and Metabolism

WBLS19026

A well balanced diet promotes the functioning of the body and prevents diseases. But what is a healthy diet and what is the connection between nutrition and metabolism? How can disturbances in energy metabolism contribute to the development of chronic diseases? These are the central questions in the course Food and Metabolism. During the course, you will learn the role of nutrition and metabolism in the development of chronic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In the lectures, we will address the structure, function and metabolism of macronutrients. In addition, you will gain more insight into the regulation of metabolism. In the work lectures, you will gain a deeper insight into how specific nutrients and/or disturbances in energy metabolism contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic diseases.
Under the supervision of an expert, you will perform a literature study in the area of food and metabolic diseases. The results of the literature study will be presented by a presentation and in the form of an essay.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	dr. J.K. Kruit
Docent(en)	dr. ir. E. Corpeleijn dr. ir. H.J.M. Harmsen dr. J.W. Jonker dr. J.K. Kruit prof. dr. T. Plosch dr. U.J.F. Tietge
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC), Opdracht (ASM), Werkcollege (T)
Toetsvorm	Meerkeuze toets (MC), Opdracht (AST), Presentatie (P), Verslag (R)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	Students should have knowledge regarding the following: - Basic principles of cellular metabolism - Basic knowledge of the main biochemical pathways in primary carbon and energy metabolism This are learning goals of the 2nd year course ‘Metabolism’ Other (guest) lecturers: E. van de Beek Capacity max: 120 students. Attendance at the first lecture, working lectures and during presentation is mandatory. Mandatory parts: exam, report, working lecture, presentation, food diary assignment. If the student would miss a work lecture, the student will need to make a substitute assignment.

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Genetics, Ecology and Evolution

WPLS18010

Genetics: Introducing basic principles of genetics and inheritance incl. transmission of genetic information between generations and the genetic basis of traits. Apply basic probability estimates and statistics to inheritance patterns. Topics covered: gene as unit of inheritance, Mendel’s laws, pedigree analysis, multi-allele and -gene inheritance, gene interactions, sex linkage, sex determination, extra-nuclear inheritance, linkage mapping, recombination, chromosome aberrations.

Evolution: Introducing evolutionary theory and thinking. History of evolutionary biology. Concepts of natural selection, adaptation, drift, neutral vs. adaptive evolution. Introduction to microevolutionary processes (measuring genetic variation, processes causing changes in allele frequencies natural and sexual selection, fitness concept fitness). Essentials of speciation process (species concepts and rates, reproductive barriers). Basics of phylogenetics (classification, phylogenetic trees, parsimony, molecular clock). Introduction to macroevolution (origin of life, major transitions, extinctions, radiation), information provided by fossil records and biogeography. Basics of genome evolution (genome size and composition, evo-devo, systems biology).

Ecology: Introducing basic ecological principles and processes. Gain knowledge on effects of the physical environment and environmental change on organismal distribution patterns and community ecology (interaction between organisms, succession, diversity and food webs) and on how these shape behavioural mechanisms and adaptation. Learn how characteristics of individuals affect population processes. Topics covered: species interactions (competition, predation, disease, parasitism), habitat selection, competition (habitat, niche), population regulation, economic decisions, individual, energetics, ontogeny (flexibility, adaptation), mate choice, parental conflict, competing for resources (ideal free, despotic), mating systems, mechanisms underlying trade-offs and constraints, communication, sexual conflict and sexual selection, living in groups (co-operation), health, ageing and senescence, develop and test hypotheses in ecology.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. L.W. Beukeboom
Docent(en)	prof. dr. L.W. Beukeboom dr. L.P.W.G.M. Jacobus Mgn Van De Zande prof. dr. ir. J. Komdeur
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC), Opdracht (ASM)
Toetsvorm	Meerkeuze toets (MC), Opdracht (AST)
ECTS	5
Entreevoorwaarden	None.
Opmerkingen	The course is obligatory for all 1st year Biology and LS&T students. The courses within the bachelor programmes Biology and Life Science & Technology are open to students of those degree programmes only. Students from other degree programmes may be unenrolled. Please contact the academic advisors of Biology/LST first.

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Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Differentiation and Development

WBLS19038

Within this course we will study how hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are generated during embryogenesis and development, and how we can make HSCs from embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells. We will study the molecular mechanisms that underlie the self-renewal properties of HSCs, and which molecular mechanisms drive differentiation of HSCs towards mature erythrocytes, blood platelets and innate or adaptive immune cells. We will focus on signal transduction initiated by cytokines and growth factors but also on epigenetic mechanisms that control the fate of HSCs.

Furthermore, we will focus on malignant hematopoiesis and outline the diseases associated with aberrant blood formation. This will include chronic and acute myeloid and lymphoid leukemias, hodgkin and non-hodgkin lymphomas, multiple myeloma and anemia. What are the molecular mechanisms that drive these diseases? What do we know about the role of long non-coding RNAs? What is the role of epigenetics? We will also discuss the clinical aspects of these diseases in detail. What are the latest diagnostic tools? What are the current state-of-the–art treatment options, what are bone marrow stem cell transplantations, and what about immune therapy to treat hematological malignancies? What is the current status of small molecules directed against specific mutations, and have they reached the clinic yet?

Besides in-depth lectures students will work in groups of 4 students to write an essay on a specific hematological malignancy. What are the genetic/epigenetic causes of the disease? How is the disease diagnosed and what are current treatment options? Do they work? If not, why not? And where should future research focus on in order to improve treatment outcome? At the end of the course the students will present and discuss their essay with the rest of the students and make a case as to why future EU funding should be made available for that particular hematological malignancy.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. J.J. Schuringa
Docent(en)	dr. M.D.M. Bellido Casado dr. C.W. Choi Gastdocent(en)prof. dr. G.A. Huls A.B.U. Makelburg dr. A.B. Mulder prof. dr. J.J. Schuringa dr. T. van Meerten
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC), Opdracht (ASM), Practisch werk (PRC)
Toetsvorm	Meerkeuze toets (MC), Opdracht (AST), Practisch werk (PR), Presentatie (P), Schriftelijk tentamen (WE)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	Presence during (parts of) the course is mandatory. The consequences for missing out on them are: -introduction lecture (again enroll in course next year) -practical microscopy course (repeat the practical course next year) -final presentations (again participate in presentations next year) Capacity max: 30 students The course unit if (often) followed by students from the course unit(s) and degree programme(s): MS Current Themes in Cancer, MS Biology of Ageing

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Host-microbe Interactions

WBLS19012

The course addresses advanced concepts in interactions between humans and their gut microbes (microbiota).

The course aims to:
• Provide emphasis on the host-microbiota interaction with a focus on the link between the gut microbiota, nutrition, health and disease.
• Provide multidisciplinary guidance in microbiology, nutrition, microbiota signaling, immunity, and neuroendocrinology.

Targets:
Education on different aspects of the interaction between the microbiota and nutrition in health and disease. This will discuss a- how the nutrient flow shapes the microbiota and its metabolic profile, which in turn, drive the cross talk between the gut microbes with the host immune, gut-brain axis, metabolic systems, b- how to develop microbiota-based therapy through the manipulation of the microbial community (e.g. fecal transplantation, probiotics and prebiotics).

Course content:
1. Introduction to microbiome; oral, skin, and gut (composition and function). (El Aidy)
2. Metagenomic (pathway analysis) and Multi-omics bio-bank cohort analysis (Harmsen)
3. Early live microbiome (Harmsen + El Aidy)
4. Diet and Lifestyle and microbiome (El Aidy)
5. Small intestinal bacteria (link to oral microbiota), Cross feeding among the gut microbes (Harmsen)
6. Host immunity and microbiome (innate and adaptive) (El Aidy)
7. Microbiome and gut disorders (IBD). (Harmsen)
8. Auto-immune diseases (T1-diabetes, Rheumatoid arthritis, Asthma, Multiple sclerosis) (Harmsen)
9. Microbiome and the Gut-Brain axis (El Aidy)
10. Microbiome and neurodegenerative disorders (El Aidy)
11. Microbiome interventions, FMT Pre and Probiotics (Harmsen)

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	S. El Aidy, PhD.
Docent(en)	S. El Aidy, PhD.dr. ir. H.J.M. Harmsen
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC), Opdracht (ASM), Practisch werk (PRC), Werkcollege (T)
Toetsvorm	Meerkeuze toets (MC), Verslag (R)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	Tutorials are mandatory. In case of absence without prior permission and without a demonstrable valid reason, the practical cannot be completed. The course prepares an understanding of the general concepts in Host- gut microbe interactions and provides skills usable for various majors (Biomedical Sciences, Behavior and Neurosciences). At the end of the course the students are expected to have an overview for the multidisciplinary interactions between the human being and its gut microbes

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Human Genetics and Genomics

WBLS19027

This course is a follow-up of the Basic Genetics course. Within the Basic Genetics course students got insight in the organization of the genome in relation to genetic variation and in the importance of identification of disease genes. Techniques used to identify genetic loci involved in monogenic diseases are discussed. Students learned to work with genome browsers and databases.
In this follow-up course the research done to identify disease genes for patients suspected of having a monogenic disease, but without a genetic diagnosis, will be taught. Genetic complex diseases are discussed and which genomics techniques are used to identify which genes and which molecular biological mechanisms are involved in the development of diseases.
During computer assignments students work with big datasets and by writing a research proposal the question is addressed when to use which genomics methods and how these methods work. Ethical aspects about the use of genomics methods generating big data sets in the clinic and research will be discussed.
Contents:
- genome wide association studies in large patient cohorts and controls to look for disease genes;
- expression profiling of human tissue to get to know which genes or pathways are changed in affected tissue;
- use of next generation sequencing in genetic research and diagnostics;
- clinical doctors and geneticists present how genomic data is used in a research setting to find new disease genes for clinical daily practice (development of DNA diagnostics).

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	drs. ing. C.C. van Diemen
Docent(en)
Onderwijsvorm	Practisch werk (PRC), Bijeenkomst (S), Hoorcollege (LC)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	The courses within the bachelor programmes Biology and Life Science & Technology are open to students of those degree programmes only. Students from other degree programmes may be unenrolled. Please contact the academic advisors of Biology/LST first. Capacity min: 20 max: 60

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Immunology

WBLS19013

Immunology is the academic discipline that studies all aspects of the immune system. This
course is the introductory course into Immunology. The course will describe the cells of the
Immune System, their development, their organization into tissues, their activation,
differentiation and their interactions that form the basis of the immune response. The course
will introduce the student into the balance between immunity and tolerance. We will discuss
the critical importance of the ability to induce an effective immune response against infectious
pathogens such as viruses or bacteria, as well as the harmful consequences of autoimmune
responses or unnecessary immunity against harmless environmental agents. The Immunology
course aims to provide the student with both knowledge of and insight into the functioning of
the immune system in health and disease.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. G. van den Bogaart
Docent(en)	prof. dr. N.A. Bos prof. dr. P. Heeringa prof. dr. F.G.M. Kroese dr. ir. M.C. Nawijn prof. dr. G. van den Bogaart
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC)
Toetsvorm	Meerkeuze toets (MC)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	Capacity max: 200 students Lectures are not mandatory, but lecture slides are integral part of the study materials for the exam. The course unit prepares for and provides skills usable in the course unit: Immunology and Disease

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Immunology and Disease

WBLS19028

The immune system is critical for combating infectious diseases, and its activity can be exploited for the treatment of numerous diseases, including cancer. Dysregulated activity of the immune system lies at the heart of the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including auto-immune disorders, allergy, asthma, and cancer. Our insight into the immunological basis of these diseases and the possibilities for rational design of innovative therapeutic strategies for their prevention or treatment is progressing at a rapid pace.
In this course, students will obtain basic theoretical knowledge regarding fundamental immunological mechanisms to combat infections and their role in immune-mediated diseases. In addition, students will obtain theoretical knowledge regarding immunological techniques and methods to analyse immune responses and how these can be applied for research, diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. This knowledge will be imparted by overview lectures given by expert principal investigators of the UMCG and the RUG. During the practicals, students will become familiar with the execution and application of antibody-based immunological techniques including immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. R.A. Bank
Docent(en)	prof. dr. R.A. Bank prof. dr. C.A.H.H. Daemen prof. dr. P. de Vos prof. dr. P. Heeringa prof. dr. A.L.W. Huckriede prof. dr. F.G.M. Kroese dr. B.J. Kroesen dr. ir. M.C. Nawijn dr. J.N.G. Oude Elberink dr. A. Rutgers prof. dr. C.A. Stegeman
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC), Opdracht (ASM), Practisch werk (PRC)
Toetsvorm	Meerkeuze toets (MC), Opdracht (AST), Practisch werk (PR)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	Capacity max: 50 students Practicals are mandatory. Consequence for missing practicals is that no final grade for the course will be given. The course unit if (often) followed by students from the course unit(s) and degree programme(s): - Immunology - Biomedical sciences

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Integrative Neuroscience

WBLS19004

The second year course Integrative Neurosciences aims to deepen understanding of neurobiological mechanisms underlying complex behavior and physiology, of which students have acquired basic knowledge during the first year courses “Behavioural Neuroscience” and “Physiology”. In particular, a deepening of the role of sensory information processing through perception of taste and smell, visual information, proprioception, pain/discomfort, are included in this integration, how these sensory information streams are relayed and underlie complex regulatory mechanisms, including regulation of motivated behaviors, body posture and locomotion, and how these process contribute to consciousness and speech. The nervous system will be viewed from different angles including neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, neuroendocrinology, behavioral physiology, and neuropathology. These subjects are part of neurosciences, which is viewed as an integrated entity. Besides the theoretical background, there is a number of practicals including brain anatomy (BA; of the pig brain), dark adaptation in humans (DA), and taste/smell (TS) in humans, and assessing oestrus cyclicity in rodents (OE).

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. G. van Dijk
Docent(en)	prof. dr. E.A. van der Zee prof. dr. G. van Dijk
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC), Opdracht (ASM), Practisch werk (PRC), Werkcollege (T)
Toetsvorm	Meerkeuze toets (MC), Practisch werk (PR), Presentatie (P), Tussentoets (IT)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	The course Integrative Neuroscience builds on the knowledge gained in the first year courses “Behavioural Neurosciences” and “Physiology, within the degree program of Life Sciences. Integrative Neuroscience prepares students for neurobiological subjects within research courses in the third year of the majors Biomedical Sciences, Behavior and Neurosciences, Molecular Life Sciences and Integrative Biology. It also provides a basis for the master phase. Of the lectures, only the “Introduction” and “ethics on animal experimentation” are mandatory (IT).Students who miss out on mandatory lectures will get an alternative assignment. All practical assignments are mandatory. Students who miss out on practical assignments will have to redo these the next year. The book 'Neuroscience exploring the brain', 4th edition, 2016 by Bear, Connors, Paradiso (ISBN 978-1-4511-0954-2) is not mandatory.

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Lab Course

WPLS18011

Practical:
- VMT, including safety measures for working with microorganisms; sterile handling of cells; use of antibiotics
- Cultivation of cells, including setting up of enrichment cultures; growth in liquid cultures and on solid media, determine growth speed and doubling time in batch culture
- Microscopy and analytical methods, use of phase-contrast microscope; cell counting and serial dilutions; identification of bacteria by phenotypic and genotypic methods
- Activity assays, including measurements of the catalytic activity of enzymes
Experiments will involve SMT & General Microbiological techniques, but will also be linked to the various majors (Molecular Life Sciences, Ecology & Evolution and Medical Biology). Whenever possible,practical data will also be analysed by Biostatistical methods

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. A.J.M. Driessen
Docent(en)	dr. ir. G. Buist dr. E. Geuverink dr. J.A.K.W. Kiel
Onderwijsvorm	Practisch werk (PRC)
Toetsvorm	Verslag (R), Meerkeuze toets (MC), Practisch werk (PR)
ECTS	3
Entreevoorwaarden	The practical is linked to the theoretical Microbiology course, and assumes a basic understanding of the concepts in microbial physiology and ecology taught in that course.
Opmerkingen	Practical activities require that the students are present during the times allocated to the practical and that they carry out the experiments as planned. In case of absence without prior permission and without a demonstrable valid reason, the practical cannot be completed. The courses within the bachelor programmes Biology and Life Science & Technology are open to students of those degree programmes only. Students from other degree programmes may be unenrolled. Please contact the academic advisors of Biology/LST first.

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Medical Cell Biology

WBLS19030

Knowledge in cell biology is essential for fundamental and biomedical research. Thus, intracellular processes associated to diseases are explained and subsequently discussed in the context of the development of diagnostic tools and therapies. The proposed topics cover:
1) cell contacts and polarization,
2) neuroplasticity
3) protein folding,
4) degradation mechanisms,
5) stem cell biology.

Each theme is connected to a specific diseases. Insights into the disease pathophysiology are also given during the patient/clinical lectures. The lectures will be organized into 4 blocks. A specific medical theme is central to each block. The clinical problems will be outlined during the patient lectures. The 4 block lectures are concluded with two questions-answers sessions, where unclear points provided by the students are discussed.

Tutor groups:
Each tutor leads 10-12 students. The tutor sessions are dedicated to learn how to extract key points of a research article, and how to present them in an oral Newsflash, i.e., a presentation for the general public. Each group session last 1 to 2 hours. Each tutor group will belong to one theme, allowing the tutor to provide further insight into the theme. In a Newsflash, the students will have to explain in their own words the scientific discovery described in the selected research article. In particular, they have to explain in simple terms the problem, the experimental approach, the relevance of the study, and the impact in both the scientific field of interest and more broadly, e.g., in medicine.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	dr. M.C. Mari
Docent(en)	L. Barazzuol dr. S. Bergink prof. dr. R.P. Coppes dr. B.N.G. Giepmans dr. D.J. Heersema prof. dr. H.H. Kampinga dr. S.M. Kooistra dr. M.C. Mari dr. H.H. Pas prof. dr. F.M. Reggiori prof. dr. O.C.M. Sibon prof. dr. S.C.D. van Ijzendoorn
Onderwijsvorm	Werkcollege (T), Hoorcollege (LC), Opdracht (ASM)
Toetsvorm	Presentatie (P), Schriftelijk tentamen (WE)
ECTS	5
Entreevoorwaarden	There are no mandatory entrance conditions. However, the course requires prior knowledge of cell biology acquired from introductory courses of the bachelor program. Some Patient/Clinical lectures will be in given in Dutch but in that case a short summary in English will be provided to the students. All others lectures will be given in English. The slides used for accompanying all the lectures (including the Patient/Clinical lectures), will be in English.
Opmerkingen	Other (guest) lecturers: Bolling, M.C., Dijkstra, G., Steenbakkers, R.J.H.M., Zuhorn, I. Patients/Clinicians lectures and Tutor group meetings (Newsflash), including plenary introductory lectures (course and Newsflash) and final symposium are mandatory. Missing more than one of Patients/Clinicians lectures or introductory lectures without (prior) acceptable justification, will lead to the exclusion of the student from the written exam or a default grade of 1 on the assignment. The tutor group meetings are mandatory too and missing more than one session without (prior) acceptable justification will lead to an additional assignment set-up by the course coordinator. The basic lectures are not mandatory per se, but the students have to realize that not all the material is written on the slides and notes have to be taken. It is their responsibility to actively participate to the course. This point will be made clear at the introductory lecture at the start of the course and in documents that will be placed on Nestor. In order to pass the course, both the written exam and oral Newsflash presentation must be graded with 5.5 or higher. Mobile phones are prohibited during all lectures and during tutor sessions.

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Medical Physiology

WBLS19040

In this course, students will learn about the normal functioning of the human body, by studying the cardiovascular, respiratory, gastro-intestinal, renal physiology, and the role of neurohumoral regulations. Students will also learn about common disturbances in the normal physiology (disease). Students will be challenged to apply the various physiological concepts in interactive lectures and tutorials in medical problems and during exercise. Furthermore, they will study these concepts in various practicals, studying lung function, cardiovascular function, and exercise physiology.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	dr. H. van Duinen
Docent(en)	dr. P.M. Schoonen dr. H. van Duinen
Onderwijsvorm	Practisch werk (PRC), Bijeenkomst (S), Hoorcollege (LC)
Toetsvorm	Meerkeuze toets (MC), Schriftelijk tentamen (WE), Verslag (R)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	The pass mark for the written exam, the combined results of the essay questions and MC questions, is 5.5. Students only receive their end score, when they have fulfilled the practical test criteria. Practical attendance is obligatory.

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Medical Structural Biology

WBLS19005

In this course students will get an overview of techniques used for structural characterization and analysis of protein-drug interactions. This will be preceded with an overview of general principles of organization of proteins and nucleic acids.
Topics will include structures of proteins (soluble and membrane-embedded) from the drug development point of view; basic principles of drug-protein interactions; biophysical methods to characterize drug-protein complex formation (X-ray crystallography, cryo-Electron Microscopy and others), and an introduction into fragment based drug design and virtual screening.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	dr. A. Guskov
Docent(en)	dr. A. Guskov dr. A.M.W.H. Thunnissen
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC), Werkcollege (T)
Toetsvorm	Schriftelijk tentamen (WE)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	Tutorials are mandatory as we will work through the problems similar to those during the exam and if missed, a student will most probably fail the exam. Not mandatory but highly recommended: The molecules of life (year 2012) by John Kuriyan, Boyana Konforti, David Wemmer (ISBN 9780815341888) The course units assumes prior knowledge and skills, acquired from the following other course units and/or degree programmes: Basic knowledge of structures, chemical properties, and role of the most important classes of biomolecules: DNA, RNA, proteins acquire from ‘Molecules of Life’ and ‘Biochemistry’

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Metabolism

WPLS18013

In this course, the students learn how cells build and preserve themselves, at the biochemical level. Specifically, they will learn the underlying principles how cells absorb, store and recruit energy and nutrients, and convert these nutrients into cell components via metabolic pathways. As careful coordination of these biochemical processes is crucial for cellular function, also the respective regulation mechanisms occurring at various levels will be taught. Finally, in a few lectures, also the key principles of organismal metabolism will be covered.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. M. Heinemann
Docent(en)	prof. dr. B.M. Bakker prof. dr. M. Heinemann
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC), Practisch werk (PRC), Werkcollege (T)
Toetsvorm	Meerkeuze toets (MC), Schriftelijk tentamen (WE)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	The tutorials and the computer practicals are obligatory. Presence will be checked. Digital examination is made up of two parts: The first examination consists of multiple choice questions. Only students who score at least 35% correct (adjusted for chance) on the multiple choice questions are allowed to do the second part of the examination with the open question exam. Students who score less than 35% in part 1, fail the course. The grade for the course is solely based on the score of part 2. In case, students do not obtain at least a 6.0, they need to re-do part 1 and part 2 in the re-exam. For the re-exam the same rules apply. The courses within the bachelor programmes Biology and Life Science & Technology are open to students of those degree programmes only. Students from other degree programmes may be unenrolled. Please contact the academic advisors of Biology/LST first.

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Microbes and Infection

WBLS19041

The course consists of a theoretical and a practical part.

Theoretical part:

The lectures will cover a range of medical aspects of microbiology, such as the structure and classification of bacteria and viruses, replication mechanisms of bacteria and viruses, virulence factors, pathogenesis, relationship with diseases, diagnosis of infectious microorganisms, specific bacterial and viral diseases, zoonosis, prevention (vaccination), antibiotic use and resistance development, antivirals.

Practical part:

Bacteriology: Use of techniques for identification of pathogenic bacteria, determination of bacteria in a mixture. Detection of the regulation and action of different virulence factors. Determination of antibiotic resistance development of different bacterial strains and analysis of the exchange of genetic material responsible for resistance development. Use of genetic analysis for subtyping of potential pathogenic microorganisms within a species.

Virology: Investigation of students’ throat swaps for presence of Epstein Barr virus. Performing a hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition assay for determination of virus and antibody titers to influenza virus. Use of quantitative PCR for the determination of a viral load.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. J.M. Smit
Docent(en)	dr. ir. G. Buist Gastdocent(en)prof. dr. A.L.W. Huckriede
Onderwijsvorm	Opdracht (ASM), Practisch werk (PRC), Werkcollege (T), Hoorcollege (LC)
Toetsvorm	Meerkeuze toets (MC), Practisch werk (PR), Verslag (R)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	Guest lecturers: lecturers of the department Medical Microbiology and Infection prevention Capacity max: 80 students Participation during the practical is mandatory. In case of absence without prior permission and without a valid reason, the practical cannot be completed and no mark will be given.

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Microbiology

WPLS18015

At the end of the course the student has an overview of concepts in microbial physiology and ecology

Theory
- Structure of the Prokaryotic cell, including differences and similarities of bacteria and archaea in build-up of cell wall, lipid membranes and cytoplasmic architecture; structure of main cell components
- Growth of microorganisms, including growth kinetics; auxotrophy and nutrient requirements; growth on surfaces and in solution; environmental factors; microbial communities
- Energy transduction, including basic principles of redox reactions,; substrate-level and oxidative phosphorylation; chemiosmotic theory
- Metabolic diversity, including carbon, nitrogen and sulfur cycle; aerobic versus anaerobic growth; respiration versus fermentation; chemolithotrophy, phototrophy and heterotrophy
- Extremophiles, including ecology of microorganism, metabolic adaptations
- Industrial microbiology, including overflow metabolism, antibiotic production,
- Host-microbe interactions, including pathogenicity, virulence factors, immunity
- Taxonomy, including phylogeny and methods to determine evolutionary relatedness

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. B. Poolman
Docent(en)	prof. dr. A.J.M. Driessen prof. dr. B. Poolman
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC), Werkcollege (T)
Toetsvorm	Meerkeuze toets (MC), Schriftelijk tentamen (WE), Tussentoets (IT)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	The course is linked tot he lab course where students apply the knowledge on general concepts in microbial physiology and ecology, in laboratory experiments. The courses within the bachelor programmes Biology and Life Science & Technology are open to students of those degree programmes only. Students from other degree programmes may be unenrolled. Please contact the academic advisors of Biology/LST first.

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Modelling Life

WBLS19014

This course introduces students to the mathematical modelling of biological systems, and covers model development, analysis and interpretation. In order to deal with variation in prior knowledge, students will have an opportunity to identify potential weak spots in their understanding of mathematics, and develop essential baseline skills in a personalized e-learning environment. In the first week of the course, students complete two interim self-evaluation tests, and are assigned to working groups based on their score, to promote effective peer learning.
The new material covered in this course introduces mathematical tools to describe and analyse dynamical interactions and feedback mechanisms in a wide variety of biological systems, including gene-regulation networks, nerve cells, hormonal control mechanism, epidemics of infectious diseases and ecological interactions. Here, we will follow the textbook Modeling Life – The Mathematics of Biological Systems (Garfinkel et al., 2017). Students learn how to develop dynamical models of biological systems and how to determine their dynamical behaviour and equilibrium states, based on an analysis of system trajectories and the underlying vector field. Qualitative (graphical) analysis and simulation are the main tools for generating biological insight; analytical methods are introduced on a need-to-know basis.
Topics covered in this course include: ‘Dynamical modelling and simulation’, ‘Equilibrium behaviour’, ‘Non-equilibrium dynamics: oscillations’, ‘Chaos’ and ‘Multi-variable systems’.
Students prepare for each topic by reading sections of the book, and are introduced to the new material in a lecture. Next, they develop an active understanding of each topic by working on pen-and-paper and computer exercises, both individually and in a working-group setting. For each topic, one of the practical assignments has to be handed in for evaluation. The course is concluded with a written exam.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	dr. G.S. van Doorn
Docent(en)	prof. dr. B.M. Bakker dr. J. Bakker dr. A. Milias Argeitis prof. dr. F.J. Weissing
Onderwijsvorm	Werkcollege (T), Hoorcollege (LC), Opdracht (ASM), Practisch werk (PRC)
Toetsvorm	Opdracht (AST), Schriftelijk tentamen (WE), Tussentoets (IT)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	The course units assumes prior knowledge and skills, acquired from the following other course units and/or degree programmes : High-school mathematics (equivalent to VWO wiskunde A and/or B) The course provides students with broadly applicable quantitative and mathematical analytical skills.

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Molecular Genetics

WBLS19006

This is a follow-up course of the first-year courses Basic Cell and Molecular Biology, and Genetics, Ecology and Evolution. It covers the main concepts of molecular genetic mechanisms in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Genome organization and integrity, DNA damage and repair, homologous- and site-specific recombination, gene regulation plasmid biology, genomics and “omics” techniques will be further deepened, while also the genetic organization and life cycle of retroviruses, temperate and virulent bacteriophages will be dealt with. Resistance mechanisms against bacteriophages and the subsequent development of genetic engineering and gene editing technology (CRISPR-Cas) will be exemplified.
The importance of molecular genetics in developments in Biotechnology, System- and Synthetic Biology and the impact that molecular genetic techniques have in fundamental research, medicine, agriculture and society at large will be discussed.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. J. Kok
Docent(en)	D. Incarnato, PhD.
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC)
Toetsvorm	Schriftelijk tentamen (WE)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	The course units assumes prior knowlegde and skills, acquired from the following other course units and/or degree programmes: First-year courses Basic Cell and Molecular Biology; Genetics, Ecology and Evolution. The course unit prepares for and provides skills usable in the course unit(s) or degree programme(s): Genes and Behaviour; Evolutionary Processes; Bioinformatics; Human Genetics and Genomics; Epigenetics and Gene-editing; Evolutionary Medicine; Evolutionary and Ecological Genomics; Evolutionary medicine; Molecular Biology; Practical Carrousel; Bioanalytical and -omics Techniques

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Molecular Research in Human Disease

WBLS19043

In this course (5 ECTS) the LS&T students are prepared for a research career in science.
Students learn the necessary skills to design and conduct scientific research. They are introduced into various molecular and biochemical techniques and learn about the use of genetically engineered mouse models in unravelling the mechanism of human disease.
Students will write an editorial based on a high-impact scientific article and they will devise a research proposal for research into human diseases. Furthermore, students will present their editorial and research proposal to learn to communicate their ideas effectively. Based on the principal of Problem Based Learning, the students also have to solve three cases related to different diseases or aspects there off. In addition, they participate in a 4-day practical session in which they produce results that have to be discussed in their case report. As a result, our course is very different from the other courses in the Bachelor Programme and the students need to present an active attitude, a high level of independence and intrinsic motivation to be able to successfully pass our course. Every single component is graded and thus, the overall score is a good reflection of the student’s ability to be successful in a future scientific career.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	dr. D.P.Y. Koonen
Docent(en)	Gastdocent(en)dr. J.W. Jonker dr. D.P.Y. Koonen dr. J.K. Kruit prof. dr. J.A. Kuivenhoven dr. ir. M.H. Oosterveer prof. dr. ir. A.J.A. van de Sluis dr. D.S. Verbeek dr. M. Westerterp
Onderwijsvorm	Bijeenkomst (S), Hoorcollege (LC), Opdracht (ASM), Practisch werk (PRC), Werkcollege (T)
Toetsvorm	Opdracht (AST), Presentatie (P), Verslag (R)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	Guest lectuers: Alain de Bruin (UU) The course units assumes prior knowlegde and skills, acquired from the following other course units and/or degree programmes : Molecular Genetics, Research skills in Life Sciences Capacity: max. 20 students All parts are mandatory. Failure to present the editorial and research proposal will result in a 0 score on these items, unless the student can proof that absence was due to illness. In that case the student is entitled to present at a later time point.

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Molecules of Life

WPLS18016

The basic concepts and knowledge on the topic of (organic) chemistry and biochemistry is covered. This lecture is aimed at supporting other molecular-oriented courses and as a preparation for the lectures in bio-organic chemistry and metabolism.

The following topics are discussed:
1) Molecular structure and bonding
2) Representation of molecular structures
3) Primary, secondary and tertiary structures of proteins
4) Introduction to reactivity and enzymatic reactions
5) Chemical kinetics and thermodynamics
6) Substitution reactions
7) Reactions of carbonyl groups

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	C. Mayer, PhD.
Docent(en)	prof. dr. ir. M.W. Fraaije C. Mayer, PhD.dr. W.C. Szymanski
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC), Werkcollege (T)
Toetsvorm	Schriftelijk tentamen (WE)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	The courses within the bachelor programmes Biology and Life Science & Technology are open to students of those degree programmes only. Students from other degree programmes may be unenrolled. Please contact the academic advisors of Biology/LST first.

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Neurobiology of Ageing

WBLS19044

This course will provide a general introduction to the evolution of ageing, and will then focus on the neurobiology of ageing (brain ageing). It will include a more detailed introduction to brain ageing at the genetic, molecular, cellular, systemic, and behavioural level. Concepts of pathological and non-pathological ageing are discussed. Consequences of brain ageing for cognition, neurophysiology, nutrition, and signal transduction pathways are dealt with. In addition, topics such as blood flow and neuroinflammation will be taught in more detail. In addition it will address, among others, the following questions: Why do we age? What is the impact of (traumatic) early life events on brain ageing? How can we slow down brain ageing, and how do we recognize brain ageing? Can it be reversed if we know the underlying mechanisms? At what age does brain ageing start, and is this different for males and females?
Is it lifestyle-dependent? Hence, this course will provide a broad overview of issues that play a key role in brain ageing, its functional consequences and the underlying mechanisms. It will address both human and animal research in an integrated fashion.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. E.A. van der Zee
Docent(en)	Dr. R.G. Schoemaker prof. dr. E.A. van der Zee prof. dr. G. van Dijk prof. dr. S. Verhulst
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC), Opdracht (ASM), Practisch werk (PRC)
Toetsvorm	Meerkeuze toets (MC), Opdracht (AST), Practisch werk (PR)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	Basic knowledge of Neurosciences is mandatory. The course unit if (often) followed by students from the course unit(s) and degree programme(s): Behavioural Neurosciences (first-year course) and Integrative Neurobiology (second-year course). Capacity max: 150 students The practicals are mandatory. The two practicals are both done on a PC. Via a Nestor-link the students go through the program with a variety of tasks the students have to do. If a student misses a practical (or both), a second options is provided at the end of the course. If a practical is still not performed, an extra literature assignment can replace the missing practical (depending on the reason why the student missed all other options). The final consequence for missing out the practical(s) and a potential extra assignment is to retry it next year.

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Physiology

WPLS18017

In the course students acquire knowledge on anatomy and physiology of the human body. They learn how information from multiple levels of organization, ranging from molecules to cells, tissues, organs and organ systems and at the level of the whole organism is integrated in order to serve an adaptive behavioural and bodily response to various internal and external demands. In the lectures several items will be addressed like 1) homeostasis and control mechanisms, 2) the autonomic nervous system, 3) the central nervous system, 4) respiration, 5) cardiovascular system, 6) kidneys, blood volume and water balance, 7) muscles, 8) digestive system, 9) regulation of energy balance, 10) endocrine control of growth, stress and metabolism, 11) reproduction and development. The theoretical information in these lectures is completed with components of the tutorial programme of MasteringAandP, available from the website of the publisher of the used textbook Human Physiology (7th ed. by Dee Unglaub Silverthorn). Students gain access to this website by buying the recommended textbook. Furthermore, the theoretical information in the lectures and tutorials is combined and applied in practicals on the anatomy of male and female mammals (rattus norvegicus), the anatomy of the heart (calf) and in a practical on regulation of own heart rate and blood pressure in which students study the cardiovascular response to and recovery from exercise and postural changes (Biopac).

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	dr. B. Buwalda
Docent(en)	dr. B. Buwalda dr. B.J. Riedstra prof. dr. A.J.W. Scheurink
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC), Practisch werk (PRC)
Toetsvorm	Meerkeuze toets (MC), Practisch werk (PR)
ECTS	5
Opmerkingen	For the final grade of the course the average score of theory (MC exam; 70%) and practicals (30%) needs to be higher than 5.5. For the multiple choice exam students have to score at least a grade of 5.0. This can be compensated by the score on the practicals where also at least a 5.0 has to be obtained. Practicals are mandatory. Reason of absence has to be mailed a.s.a.p. to b.j.riedstra@rug.nl (practical coordinator) after which re-sit is scheduled. If re-sit is also missed and/or reason for absence was not explained in a satisfactory way the student does not pass the course. Ultimate consequence is that the student takes the missed course elements a year later. The courses within the bachelor programmes Biology and Life Science & Technology are open to students of those degree programmes only. Students from other degree programmes may be unenrolled. Please contact the academic advisors of Biology/LST first.

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Research Skills in Life Sciences 1

WPLS18021

In the course, students learn academic as well as practical skills in the Life Sciences. The academic skills focus on the critical reading and interpretation of scientific research papers using primary research literature distributed over topics representing three majors in the bachelor programme: Biomedical Sciences, Behaviour & Neurosciences and Molecular Life Sciences. Students can express preference for one of the topics which all share the same learning goals. Assignment will be based, on personal preference as well as capacity. The topics focus on 1) the cardiovascular system/heart failure; 2) neural regulation of social behavior; and 3) molecular aspects of Parkinson Disease. The training of academic skills will take 4 weeks. During several lectures students will receive background information on the topics in the academic skills block. During tutorials, students learn to distinguish structure - elements such as motive, purpose, arguments and conclusions - in the text of research papers using the Scientific Argumentation Model (SAM). After approximately 3 weeks of each ‘reading’ block, the knowledge of the students on the topic will be tested in an exam (multiple choice). In the final week of the block, students will be tested via individual presentations on their ability to quickly read, summarize and comment on a paper. Other tasks may form part of the assignments.
In the practical part of the course, students will become familiar with different molecular biology techniques, and apply principles learned during theoretical courses from the 1st year. The student will solve an authentic problem: i.e. producing vanillin in an environmentally friendly and cheap way. To this end, the students develop an expression vector and produce a recombinant enzyme. In the second week they purify the enzyme and characterize it. The students will also design and perform necessary experiments to produce the highest amount of vanillin by using the enzyme that they prepared.

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. D.J. Scheffers
Docent(en)	dr. J.H. Buikema dr. B. Buwalda dr. S.F. de Boer prof. dr. R.H. Henning prof. dr. J.L. Hillebrands prof. dr. A. Kortholt dr. M.H.K. Linskens prof. dr. D.J. Scheffers dr. H. van Duinen
Onderwijsvorm	Practisch werk (PRC), Werkcollege (T), Hoorcollege (LC), Opdracht (ASM)
Toetsvorm	Meerkeuze toets (MC)
ECTS	2
Entreevoorwaarden	No prior knowlegde required.
Opmerkingen	Each block has its own coordinator: - Prof. dr. D.J. Scheffers (Parkison block); - Dr. B. Buwalda (Neuro block); - Dr. J.H. Buikema (Cardiovascular block). Practical is mandatory; missing out too many hours (as deemed by instructors) will result in having to redo the practicals. Tutorials are mandatory; the likelihood of different timeslots for the same tutorial may allow taking the tutorial with another group. Missing two or more tutorials will result in failing the course. This course is divided into three courses of 2, 3 and 5 ECTS. In order to pass this course, you will have to obtain 3 results. These results will be registered in Progress as following: Research Skills in Life Sciences 1 Course code: WPLS18021 ECTS: 2 Research Skills in Life Sciences 2 Course code: WPLS18022 ECTS: 3 Research Skills in Life Sciences 3 Course code: WPLS18023 ECTS: 5 The courses within the bachelor programmes Biology and Life Science & Technology are open to students of those degree programmes only. Students from other degree programmes may be unenrolled. Please contact the academic advisors of Biology/LST first.

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Research Skills in Life Sciences 2

WPLS18022

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. D.J. Scheffers
Docent(en)	dr. J.H. Buikema dr. B. Buwalda dr. S.F. de Boer prof. dr. R.H. Henning prof. dr. J.L. Hillebrands prof. dr. A. Kortholt dr. M.H.K. Linskens prof. dr. D.J. Scheffers dr. H. van Duinen
Onderwijsvorm	Hoorcollege (LC), Opdracht (ASM), Practisch werk (PRC), Werkcollege (T)
Toetsvorm	Practisch werk (PR)
ECTS	3
Entreevoorwaarden	No prior knowlegde required.
Opmerkingen	Each block has its own coordinator: - Prof. dr. D.J. Scheffers (Parkison block); - Dr. B. Buwalda (Neuro block); - Dr. J.H. Buikema (Cardiovascular block). Practical is mandatory; missing out too many hours (as deemed by instructors) will result in having to redo the practicals. Tutorials are mandatory; the likelihood of different timeslots for the same tutorial may allow taking the tutorial with another group. Missing two or more tutorials will result in failing the course. This course is divided into three courses of 2, 3 and 5 ECTS. In order to pass this course, you will have to obtain 3 results. These results will be registered in Progress as following: Research Skills in Life Sciences 1 Course code: WPLS18021 ECTS: 2 Research Skills in Life Sciences 2 Course code: WPLS18022 ECTS: 3 Research Skills in Life Sciences 3 Course code: WPLS18023 ECTS: 5 The courses within the bachelor programmes Biology and Life Science & Technology are open to students of those degree programmes only. Students from other degree programmes may be unenrolled. Please contact the academic advisors of Biology/LST first.

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Research Skills in Life Sciences 3

WPLS18023

Faculteit	Science and Engineering
Voertaal	Engels
Coordinator	prof. dr. D.J. Scheffers
Docent(en)	dr. J.H. Buikema dr. B. Buwalda dr. S.F. de Boer prof. dr. R.H. Henning prof. dr. J.L. Hillebrands prof. dr. A. Kortholt dr. M.H.K. Linskens prof. dr. D.J. Scheffers dr. H. van Duinen
Onderwijsvorm	Opdracht (ASM), Practisch werk (PRC), Werkcollege (T), Hoorcollege (LC)
Toetsvorm	Presentatie (P)
ECTS	5
Entreevoorwaarden	No prior knowlegde required.
Opmerkingen	Each block has its own coordinator: - Prof. dr. D.J. Scheffers (Parkison block); - Dr. B. Buwalda (Neuro block); - Dr. J.H. Buikema (Cardiovascular block). Practical is mandatory; missing out too many hours (as deemed by instructors) will result in having to redo the practicals. Tutorials are mandatory; the likelihood of different timeslots for the same tutorial may allow taking the tutorial with another group. Missing two or more tutorials will result in failing the course. This course is divided into three courses of 2, 3 and 5 ECTS. In order to pass this course, you will have to obtain 3 results. These results will be registered in Progress as following: Research Skills in Life Sciences 1 Course code: WPLS18021 ECTS: 2 Research Skills in Life Sciences 2 Course code: WPLS18022 ECTS: 3 Research Skills in Life Sciences 3 Course code: WPLS18023 ECTS: 5 The courses within the bachelor programmes Biology and Life Science & Technology are open to students of those degree programmes only. Students from other degree programmes may be unenrolled. Please contact the academic advisors of Biology/LST first.

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