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Timmer, prof. dr. Marcel

Marcel Timmer
Marcel Timmer

Marcel Timmer is hoogleraar Economische groei en Ontwikkeling aan de Rijksuniversiteit Groningen. Hij doet in samenwerking met onder meer de Wereldhandelsorganisatie, de Wereldbank en de OESO onderzoek naar internationale productieketens en de effecten daarvan, zoals ongelijkheid. Voor zijn onderzoek naar de gevolgen van veranderende wereldhandel kreeg hij een Vici-beurs van NWO. Timmer: ‘De toenemende inkomensongelijkheid is een van de grootste maatschappelijke uitdagingen van deze tijd. Dit onderzoek moet de oorzaken van die groeiende ongelijkheid in kaart brengen, zodat we in de toekomst beter beleid kunnen formuleren om de onwenselijke gevolgen van gefragmenteerde wereldhandel tegen te gaan.’

Timmer is als consultant en adviseur werkzaam geweest bij diverse organisaties, waaronder de OESO, de Wereldbank, het Japanse Ministerie van Economische Zaken, Handel en Industrie (METI), de Aziatische Ontwikkelingsbank en het Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek.

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Publicaties

2023

Los, B., & Timmer, M. (2023). Measuring Bilateral Exports of Value Added: A Unified Framework. In N. Ahmad, B. R. Moulton, J. D. Richardson, & P. van de Ven (Eds.), Challenges of Globalization in the Measurement of National Accounts (pp. 389-421). (NBER Studies in Income and Wealth; Vol. 81). The University of Chicago Press.

2022

Inklaar, R., Marapin, R., Woltjer, J., & Timmer, M. (2022). Inconsistencies in Cross-Country Price Comparisons over Time: Patterns and Facts. In D. Chotikapanich, A. Rambaldi, & N. Rohde (Eds.), Advances in Economic Measurement: A Volume in Honour of D. S. Prasada Rao (pp. 633–663). Palgrave MacMillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2023-3_13
Pahl, S., Timmer, M. P., Gouma, R., & Woltjer, P. J. (2022). Jobs and Productivity Growth in Global Value Chains: New Evidence for Twenty-five Low- and Middle-Income Countries. World Bank Economic Review, 36(3), 670–686. https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhac003
Buckley, P., Strange, R., Timmer, M., & de Vries, G. (2022). Rent appropriation in global value chains: the past, present and future of intangible assets. Global Strategy Journal, 12(4), 679-696. https://doi.org/10.1002/gsj.1438

2021

Timmer, M. P., Los, B., Stehrer, R., & de Vries, G. J. (2021). Correction to: Supply Chain Fragmentation and the Global Trade Elasticity: A New Accounting Framework (IMF Economic Review, (2021), 10.1057/s41308-021-00134-8). IMF Economic Review, 69, 681. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41308-021-00139-3
Chen, W., Los, B., & Timmer, M. (2021). Factor Incomes in Global Value Chains: The Role of Intangibles. In C. Corrado, J. Haskel, J. Miranda, & D. Sichel (Eds.), Measuring and Accounting for Innovation in the Twenty-First Century (pp. 373-401). University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/9780226728209-014
Reijnders, L. S. M., Timmer, M. P., & Ye, X. (2021). Labour demand in global value chains: Is there a bias against unskilled work? World Economy, 44(9), 2547-2571. https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.13092
Timmer, M. P., Los, B., Stehrer, R., & de Vries, G. J. (2021). Supply Chain Fragmentation and the Global Trade Elasticity: A New Accounting Framework. IMF Economic Review, 69, 656–680. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41308-021-00134-8

2020

Timmer, M., & Ye, X. (2020). Accounting for growth and productivity in global value chains. In B. Fraumeni (Ed.), Measuring Economic Growth and Productivity: Foundations, KLEMS Production Models, and Extensions (pp. 413-426). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-817596-5.00018-4
Buckley, P. J., Strange, R., Timmer, M. P., & de Vries, G. J. (2020). Catching-up in the global factory: Analysis and policy implications. Journal of International Business Policy, 3(2), 79-106. https://doi.org/10.1057/s42214-020-00047-9

2019

Pahl, S., & Timmer, M. P. (2020). Do Global Value Chains Enhance Economic Upgrading? A Long View. Journal of Development Studies, 56(9), 1683-1705. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2019.1702159
Pahl, S., Timmer, M. P., Gouma, R., & Woltjer, P. J. (2019). Jobs in Global Value Chains: New Evidence for Four African Countries in International Perspective. The World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/334531564600910227/pdf/Jobs-in-Global-Value-Chains-New-Evidence-for-Four-African-Countries-in-International-Perspective.pdf
Pahl, S., & Timmer, M. P. (2019). Patterns of vertical specialisation in trade: long-run evidence for 91 countries. Review of World Economics, 155(3), 459-486. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10290-019-00352-3
Pahl, S., & Timmer, M. P. (2019). Patterns of Vertical Specialisation in Trade: Long-run Evidence for 91 Countries. (GGDC Research Memoranda; Vol. GD-182).

2018

Timmer, M. P., Miroudot, S., & de Vries, G. J. (2019). Functional specialisation in trade. Journal of Economic Geography, 19(1), 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lby056
Pahl, S., & Timmer, M. P. (2018). Do Global Value Chains Enhance Economic Upgrading? A Long View. (GGDC Research Memoranda; Vol. GD-181). GGDC. https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/html_publications/memorandum/gd181.pdf
Chen, W., Los, B., & Timmer, M. (2018). Factor Incomes in Global Value Chains: The Role of Intangibles. (NBER Working Paper; No. 25242). NBER. https://doi.org/10.3386/w25242
Los, B., & Timmer, M. (2018). Measuring Bilateral Exports of Value Added: A Unified Framework. NBER. https://www.nber.org/papers/w24896
Timmer, M., & Ye, X. (2018). Productivity and Substitution Patterns in Global Value Chains. In E. Grifell-Tatjé, C. A. Knox Lovell, & R. C. Sickles (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Productivity Analysis Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190226718.013.21
IJtsma, P., Levell, P., Los, B., & Timmer, M. P. (2018). The UK's Participation in Global Value Chains and Its Implications for Post-Brexit Trade Policy. Fiscal Studies, 39(4), 651-683. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-5890.12176
Cavallo, A., Diewert, W. E., Feenstra, R. C., Inklaar, R., & Timmer, M. (2018). Using Online Prices for Measuring Real Consumption across Countries. AEA Papers and Proceedings, 108, 483-487. https://doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20181037

2017

Timmer, M. (2017). Productivity Measurement in Global Value Chains. International Productivity Monitor, 33.

2016

Inklaar, R., Lashitew, A. A., & Timmer, M. P. (2017). THE ROLE OF RESOURCE MISALLOCATION IN CROSS-COUNTRY DIFFERENCES IN MANUFACTURING PRODUCTIVITY. Macroeconomic Dynamics, 21(3), 733-756. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1365100515000668
Timmer, M. P., Los, B., Stehrer, R., & de Vries, G. J. (2016). An Anatomy of the Global Trade Slowdown based on the WIOD 2016 Release. (GGDC Research Memoranda ; No. 162). University of Groningen.
Reijnders, L. S. M., Timmer, M., & Ye, X. (2016). Offshoring, Biased Technical Change and Labor Demand: New Evidence from Global Value Chains. (GGDC Research Memoranda; Vol. GD-164). GGDC. http://www.ggdc.net/publications/memorandum/gd164.pdf
Timmer, M., Los, B., Stehrer, R., & de Vries, G. (2016, Nov 21). Production Fragmentation and the Global Trade Slowdown. http://voxeu.org/article/production-fragmentation-and-global-trade-slowdown
Timmer, M., Los, B., & de Vries, G. (2016). The Rise of Global Manufacturing Value Chains: A New Perspective Based on the World Input-Output Database. In D. W. Jorgenson, K. Fukao, & M. P. Timmer (Eds.), The World Economy: Growth or Stagnation? (pp. 535-563). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316534502.015
Jorgenson, D. W., Timmer, M. P., & Fukao, K. (Eds.) (2016). The World Economy: Growth or Stagnation? Cambridge University Press.
Timmer, M. P., Veenstra, J., & Woltjer, P. J. (2016). The Yankees of Europe? A New View on Technology and Productivity in German Manufacturing in the Early Twentieth Century. Journal of Economic History, 76(3), 874-908. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022050716000760
Los, B., Timmer, M. P., & de Vries, G. J. (2016). Tracing Value-Added and Double Counting in Gross Exports: Comment. American Economic Review, 106(7), 1958-1966. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20140883
Timmer, M. (2016). Understanding Productivity and Employment in a Fragmenting Economy: the Global Value Chain Approach. In P. Askenazy, L. Bellmann, A. Bryson, & E. M. Galbis (Eds.), Productivity Puzzles in Europe Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198786160.003.0004

2015

Timmer, M., Dietzenbacher, E., Los, B., Stehrer, R., & de Vries, G. (2015). An Illustrated User Guide to the World Input-Output Database: the Case of Global Automotive Production. Review of International Economics, 23(3), 575-605. https://doi.org/10.1111/roie.12178
Los, B., & Timmer, M. (2015). Appendix - Analysis of Global Production Networks: Approaches, Concepts and Data. In J. Amador, & F. di Mauro (Eds.), The Age of Global Value Chains: Maps and Policy Issues (pp. 201-208). CEPR Press. http://www.voxeu.org/sites/default/files/GVCs-ebook.pdf
de Vries, G., Erumban, A., Timmer, M., Voskoboynikov, I., & Wu, H. X. (2015). Deconstructing the BRIC: Structural Transformation and Aggregate Productivity Growth. In W. Naudé, A. Szirmai, & N. Haraguchi (Eds.), Structural Change and Industrial Development in the BRICS (pp. 66-90). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198725077.003.0003
Timmer, M., & Vries, de, G. (2015). Dutch Manufacturing Competing in Global Value Chains: Final report for Ministry of Economic Affairs and VNO/NCW.
Los, B., Stehrer, R., Timmer, M., & de Vries, G. (2015). Factor Specialisation within Global Value Chains. In J. Amador, & F. di Mauro (Eds.), The Age of Global Value Chains: Maps and Policy Issues (pp. 48-57). CEPR Press. http://www.voxeu.org/sites/default/files/GVCs-ebook.pdf
Los, B., Timmer, M., & de Vries, G. (2015). Global Value Chains: ‘Factory World’ is Emerging. In J. Amador, & F. di Mauro (Eds.), The Age of Global Value Chains: Maps and Policy Issues (pp. 36-47). CEPR Press. http://www.voxeu.org/sites/default/files/GVCs-ebook.pdf
Los, B., Timmer, M. P., & de Vries, G. J. (2015). How global are global value chains? A new approach to measure international fragmentation. Journal of Regional Science, 55(1), 66-92. https://doi.org/10.1111/jors.12121
Los, B., Timmer, M. P., & de Vries, G. J. (2015). How important are exports for job growth in China? A demand side analysis. Journal of Comparative Economics, 43(1), 19-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2014.11.007
Timmer, M., Los, B., & de Vries, G. (2015). Incomes and Jobs in Global Production of Manufactures: New Measures of Competitiveness Based on the World Input-Output Database. In S. N. Houseman, & M. Mandel (Eds.), Measuring Globalization: Better Trade Statistics for Better Policy (Vol. 2, pp. 121-163). W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research . https://doi.org/10.17848/9780880994903.vol2ch5
Timmer, M., de Vries, G., & de Vries, K. (2015). Patterns of structural Change in Developing Countries. In J. Weiss, & M. Tribe (Eds.), Routledge Handbook of Industry and Development (pp. 65-83). (Routledge Handbooks). Routledge.
de Vries, G. J., Timmer, M., & de Vries, K. (2015). Structural Transformation in Africa: Static gains, Dynamic losses. Journal of Development Studies, 51(6), 674-688. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2014.997222
Feenstra, R. C., Inklaar, R., & Timmer, M. P. (2015). The Next Generation of the Penn World Table. American Economic Review, 105(10), 3150-3182. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20130954

2014

Los, B., Timmer, M., & de Vries, G. (2014). De concurrentiepositie van Nederland in mondiale waardeketens. Economisch Statistische Berichten, 4689-4690, 432-436.
Los, B., Timmer, M., & de Vries, G. (2014, May 11). Global value chains: 'Factory World' is emerging. http://voxeu.org/article/global-value-chains-and-factory-world
Timmer, M. P., & Voskoboynikov, I. B. (2014). Is Mining Fuelling Long-Run Growth in Russia? Industry Productivity Growth Trends Since 1995. Review of Income and Wealth, 60(S2), S398-S422. https://doi.org/10.1111/roiw.12132
Timmer, M., de Vries, G., & de Vries, K. (2014). Patterns of Structural Change in Developing Countries. (GGDC Research Memoranda; Vol. GD-149). GGDC.
Timmer, M. P., Erumban, A. A., Los, B., Stehrer, R., & de Vries, G. J. (2014). Slicing Up Global Value Chains. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 28(2), 99-118. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.28.2.99
Los, B., Timmer, M., & de Vries, G. (2014). The Demand for Skills 1995-2008: A Global Supply Chain Perspective. (Economics Department Working Papers; No. 1141). OECD.
Inklaar, R., Lashitew, A. A., & Timmer, M. P. (2014). The Role of Resource Misallocation in Cross-country Differences in Manufacturing Productivity. (GGDC Working Papers; Vol. GD-143). GGDC.
Timmer, M. P., Dietzenbacher, E., Los, B., Stehrer, R., & de Vries, G. J. (2014). The World Input-Output Database: Content, Concepts and Applications. (GGDC Working Papers; Vol. GD-144). GGDC.

2013

Timmer, M. P., Los, B., Stehrer, R., & de Vries, G. J. (2013). Fragmentation, incomes and jobs: An analysis of European competitiveness. Economic Policy, 28(76), 613-661. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0327.12018
Los, B., Timmer, M., & Vries, G. J. D. (2013). Globalization or Regionalization? A New Approach to Measure International Fragmentation of Value Chains. (GGDC Working Papers; Vol. GD-138). GGDC.
Timmer, M., & Voskoboynikov, I. B. (2013). Is Mining Fuelling Long-run Growth in Russia? Industry Productivity Growth Trends since 1995. (GGDC Working Papers; Vol. GD-137). GGDC.
Los, B., Timmer, M., & Vries, G. J. D. (2013). Made in Europe? Trends in International Production Fragmentation. (GGDC Working Papers; Vol. GD-131). GGDC.
Ark, B. V., Chen, V., Colijn, B., Jaeger, K., Overmeer, W., & Timmer, M. (2013). Recent Changes in Europe’s Competitive Landscape and Medium-Term Perspectives: How the Sources of Demand and Supply Are Shaping Up. (GGDC Working Papers; Vol. GD-134). GGDC.
Timmer, M., Los, B., Stehrer, R., & de Vries, G. (2013, Jun 26). Rethinking Competitiveness: The Global Value Chain Revolution. http://www.voxeu.org/article/rethinking-competitiveness-global-value-chain-revolution
Timmer, M., Erumban, A. A., Los, B., Stehrer, R., & Vries, G. J. D. (2013). Slicing Up Global Value Chains. (GGDC Working Papers; Vol. GD-135). GGDC.
Vries, G. J. D., Timmer, M. P., & Vries, K. D. (2013). Structural transformation in Africa: Static gains, dynamic losses. (GGDC Working Papers; Vol. GD-136). GGDC.
Dietzenbacher, E., Los, B., Stehrer, R., Timmer, M., & de Vries, G. (2013). The construction of world input: Output tables in the wiod project. Economic Systems Research, 25(1), 71-98. https://doi.org/10.1080/09535314.2012.761180
Feenstra, R. C., Inklaar, R., & Timmer, M. (2013). The Next Generation of the Penn World Table. (NBER Working Paper). NBER. https://doi.org/10.3386/w19255
Dietzenbacher, E., Los, B., & Timmer, M. (2013). The World Input-Output Tables in the WIOD Database. In J. Murray, & M. Lenzen (Eds.), The Sustainability Practitioner's Guide to Multi-Regional Input-Output Analysis (pp. 43-51). Common Ground.

2012

Inklaar, R., & Timmer, M. (2014). The relative price of services. Review of Income and Wealth, 60(4), 727-746. https://doi.org/10.1111/roiw.12012
Los, B., Timmer, M., & Vries, G. J. D. (2012). China and the World Economy: A Global Value Chain Perspective on Exports, Incomes and Jobs. (GGDC Working Papers; Vol. GD-128). GGDC.
de Vries, G. J., Erumban, A. A., Timmer, M. P., Voskoboynikov, I., & Wu, H. X. (2012). Deconstructing the BRICs: Structural transformation and aggregate productivity growth. Journal of Comparative Economics, 40(2), 211-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2012.02.004
Timmer, M., Los, B., Stehrer, R., & Vries, G. J. D. (2012). Fragmentation, Incomes and Jobs. An analysis of European competitiveness. (GGDC Working Papers; Vol. GD-130). GGDC.
Inklaar, R., & Timmer, M. P. (2012). Productivity and convergence across industries and countries: The importance of theory-based measurement. In M. Mas, & R. Stehrer (Eds.), Industrial productivity in Europe - Growth and crisis (pp. 337-367). Edward Elgar Publishing.
Erumban, A. A., & Timmer, M. P. (2012). The dark side of creative destruction: Innovation and retirement of capital. Industrial and Corporate Change, 21(5), 1149-1174. https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dts005
Inklaar, R., & Timmer, M. P. (2012). The relative price of services. (GGDC Working Papers; Vol. GD-124). GGDC.

2011

de Vries, G., Erumban, A. A., Timmer, M. P., Voskoboynikov, I., & Wu H.X., N. V. (2011). Deconstructing the BRICs: Structural Transformation and Aggregate Productivity Growth. (GGDC Working Papers; Vol. GD-121). GGDC.
van Ark, H. H., O'Mahony, M., & Timmer, M. P. (2011). Europe's productivity performance in comparative perspective: trends, causes and recent developments. In M. Mas, & R. Stehrer (Eds.), Industrial productivity in Europe (pp. 65 - 91). Edward Elgar Publishing.
Temurshoev, U., & Timmer, M. P. (2011). Joint estimation of supply and use tables. Papers in Regional Science, 90(4), 862-882. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5957.2010.00345.x
Jorgenson, D. W., & Timmer, M. P. (2011). Structural Change in Advanced Nations: A New Set of Stylised Facts. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 113(1), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9442.2010.01637.x

2010

Timmer, M. P., Inklaar, R., O'Mahony, M., & van Ark, H. H. (2010). Economic growth in Europe - A comparative industry perspective. Cambridge University Press.
Jorgenson, D. W., & Timmer, M. (2010). Structural Change in Advanced Nations: A New Set of Stylised Facts. (GGDC Working Papers; Vol. GD-115). GGDC.

2009

Feenstra, R. C., Heston, A., Timmer, M. P., & Deng, H. (2009). Estimating real production and expenditures across nations: A proposal for improving the Penn World Tables. Review of Economics and Statistics, 91(1), 201-212. https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-4166
Inklaar, R., & Timmer, M. (2009). Measurement error in cross-country productivity comparisons: Is more detailed data better? (GGDC Working Papers; Vol. GD-111). GGDC.
O'Mahony, M., & Timmer, M. P. (2009). Output, input and productivity measures at the industry level: The EU KLEMS Database. Economic Journal, 119(538), F374-F403. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2009.02280.x
Inklaar, R., & Timmer, M. P. (2009). Productivity convergence across industries and countries: The importance of theory-based measurement. Macroeconomic Dynamics, 13(S2), 218-240. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1365100509090117
Inklaar, R., & Timmer, M. P. (2009). Productivity Convergence Across Industries and Countries: The Importance of Theory-based Measurement. (GGDC Working Papers; Vol. GD-109). GGDC.
van Ark, H. H., & Timmer, M. P. (2009). Purchasing power parity adjustments for productivity level comparisons. In D. S. Prasada Rao (Ed.), Purchasing power parities of currencies. Recent advances in methods and applications (pp. 344 - 366). Edward Elgar Publishing.
Timmer, M. P., & de Vries, G. J. (2009). Structural change and growth accelerations in Asia and Latin America: a new sectoral data set. Cliometrica, 3(2), 165-190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11698-008-0029-5

2008

Inklaar, R., & Timmer, M. P. (2008). Accounting for growth in retail trade: an international productivity comparison. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 29(1), 23-31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11123-007-0062-6
Inklaar, R., & Timmer, M. P. (2008). GGDC Productivity Level Database: International Comparisons of Output, Inputs and Productivity at the Industry Level. (GGDC Working Papers; Vol. GD-104). GGDC.
Inklaar, R., Timmer, M. P., & van Ark, B. (2008). Market services productivity across Europe and the US. Economic Policy, 23(53), 139-194. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444306699.ch4
van Ark, B., O'Mahony, M., & Timmer, M. P. (2008). The productivity gap between Europe and the United States: Trends and causes. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 22(1), 25-44. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.22.1.25

2007

Timmer, M. P., & Vries, G. J. D. (2007). A Cross-country Database For Sectoral Employment And Productivity in Asia and Latin America, 1950-2005. s.n.
Fremdling, R., de Jong, H., & Timmer, M. P. (2007). British and German manufacturing productivity compared: A new benchmark for 1935/36 based on double deflated value added. Journal of Economic History, 67(2), 350-378.
Fremdling, R., de Jong, H. J., & Timmer, M. P. (2007). Censuses compared: A new benchmark for British and German manufacturing 1935/1936. (GGDC Research Memorandum; No. GD-90). GGDC.
Fremdling, R., Jong, H. D., & Timmer, M. P. (2007). Censuses compared. A New Benchmark for British and German Manufacturing 1935/1936. s.n.
Feenstra, R. C., Heston, A., Timmer, M. P., & Deng, H. (2007). Estimating Real Production and Expenditures Across Nations: A Proposal for Improving the Penn World Tables. s.n.
Inklaar, R., & Timmer, M. P. (2007). International comparisons of industry output, inputs and productivity levels: Methodology and new results. Economic Systems Research, 19(3), 343-363. https://doi.org/10.1080/09535310701572040
Inklaar, R., Timmer, M. P., & van Ark, H. H. (2007). Mind the gap! International comparisons of productivity in services and goods production. German Economic Review, 8(2), 281-307.
Inklaar, R., & Timmer, M. P. (2007). Of yeast and mushrooms: Patterns of industry-level productivity growth. German Economic Review, 8(2), 174-187.
Timmer, M., Ypma, G., & van Ark, B. V. (2007). PPPs for Industry Output: A New Dataset for International Comparisons. s.n.
Timmer, M. P., & Ypma, G. (2007). Purchasing power parities for international comparison of output and productivity in Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and the US. In D. W. Jorgenson, M. Kuroda, & K. Motohashi (Eds.), Productivity in Asia Economic Growth and Competitiveness (pp. 185 - 214). Edward Elgar Publishing.
Inklaar, R., & Timmer, M. P. (2007). Yeaty investment and mushroom productivity growth: An industry perspective on European and American performance, 1987-2003. In G. Cette, C. Fouquin, & H. W. Sinn (Eds.), Divergences in productivity between Europe and the United States (pp. 45 - 63). Edward Elgar Publishing.

2006

van Ark, H. H., & Timmer, M. P. (2006). Computers and the big divide: productivity growth in the European Union and the United States. In M. Mas, & P. Schreyer (Eds.), Growth, capital and new technologies (pp. 14-169). Fundacion BBVA.
Inklaar, R., Timmer, M. P., & van Ark, H. H. (2006). Mind the gap! International comparisons of productivity in services and goods production. (GD86 ed.) GGDC.
Inklaar, R., Timmer, M., & van Ark, B. (2006). Mind the gap! International Comparisons of Productivity in Services and Goods Production. s.n.
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