Students who want to obtain a PhD must apply for PhD positions in a research group belonging to one of the research institutes. If successful they will be employed by the university and obtain a salary, either directly from the university or from a national funding agency, typically coordinated by NWO (The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research). PhD students are required to make a (rather limited) contribution to the education of (under)graduate students, usually not taking more than 10% of their time.
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